Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from smokers exhibits increased monocyte chemokinetic activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Koyama ◽  
S. I. Rennard ◽  
D. Daughton ◽  
S. Shoji ◽  
R. A. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Alveolar macrophages, which are cells derived from blood monocytes, accumulate within the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. One mechanism to account for this accumulation of alveolar macrophages may be an increase in the migration of blood monocytes into the lungs of smokers. To evaluate this hypothesis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 15 smokers and 16 nonsmokers. The smokers' BALF possessed a significantly increased capacity to attract normal blood monocytes when evaluated using a blind-well chamber technique (26.2 +/- 7.6 vs 14.8 +/- 6.9 cells/high-power field, P less than 0.01). Checkerboard analysis of the activity revealed that it was predominantly chemokinetic. Partial characterization of the activity in smokers' BALF revealed that it was lipid soluble but only partially sensitive to trypsin and heat. The chemokinetic activity correlated with alveolar macrophage numbers in the BALF (r = 0.4391, P = 0.009). Furthermore, both the chemokinetic activity and alveolar macrophage number correlated with alterations of respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and forced expiratory flow at 75% of the vital capacity). These results suggest that the increase in alveolar macrophage number present in the BALF of cigarette smokers may be due, at least in part, to an increased amount of chemokinetic factor(s) in the smokers' BALF, and these factor(s) may participate in the decline of respiratory function associated with cigarette smoking, probably by recruiting monocytes into lung.

Cathepsin L Activity Is Increased in Alveolar Macrophages and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Smokers

1993 ◽  
Vol 147 (6_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 1562-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Takahashi ◽  
Kazumi Ishidoh ◽  
Daisuke Muno ◽  
Akihiko Ohwada ◽  
Toshihiro Nukiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Lavage Fluid

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous surfactant on Paediatric Bronchoalveolar lavage derived macrophages’ cytokine secretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyné van Rensburg ◽  
Johann M. van Zyl ◽  
Johan Smith ◽  
Pierre Goussard
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
South African ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Abstract Background Bronchoalveolar lavage is a useful bronchoscopy technique. However, studies in “normal” children populations are few. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of exogenous pulmonary surfactants on the bronchoalveolar cellular components are limited. Methods Thirty children, aged 3 to 14 years, underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Differential cytology, cytokine and chemokine measurements were performed on the fluid after exogenous surfactant exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of exogenous surfactants on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, specifically alveolar macrophages of healthy South African children. Results Alveolar macrophages were the predominant cellular population in normal children. Patients with inflammatory pneumonopathies had significantly more neutrophils. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower after exogenous surfactant exposure. Moreover, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine secretion increased after exogenous surfactant exposure. Conclusion This study provides the first data on bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy South African children. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary inflammation was characterised by neutrophilia. Finally, we propose that exogenous surfactant treatment could help alleviate inflammation in diseased states where it occurs in the tracheobronchial tree.

scholarly journals Identification and Phenotyping of Leukocytes in Bovine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Soethout ◽  
K. E. Müller ◽  
A. J. M. van den Belt ◽  
V. P. M. G. Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Dual Laser

ABSTRACT A method is proposed to identify leukocyte subpopulations in bovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by dual-laser flow cytometry. The technique uses several parameters, i.e., exclusion of highly autofluorescent alveolar macrophages and inclusion of leukocytes on the basis of labeling by specific antibodies and light scatter characteristics.

scholarly journals Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Kitsou ◽  
Anastasia Kotanidou ◽  
Dimitrios Paraskevis ◽  
Timokratis Karamitros ◽  
Aris Katzourakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Potential Link

Abstract BackgroundSevere COVID-19 pneumonia has been associated with the development of intense inflammatory responses during the course of infections with SARS-CoV-2. Given that Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are known to be activated during and participate in inflammatory processes, we examined whether HERV dysregulation signatures are present in COVID-19 patients. ResultsBy comparing transcriptomes of Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBMCs) and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) from patients and normal controls we have shown that HERVs are intensely dysregulated in BALF, but not in PBMCs. In particular, upregulation in the expression of multiple HERV families was detected in BALF samples of COVID-19 patients, with HERV-H being the most highly upregulated family among the families analysed. In addition, we compared the expression of HERVs in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBECs) without and after senescence induction in an oncogene-induced senescence model, in order to quantitatively measure changes in the expression of HERVs in bronchial cells during the processes of cellular senescence.ConclusionsThis apparent difference of HERV dysregulation between PBMCs and BALF warrants further studies in involvement of HERVs in inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms as well as exploration of HERVs as potential biomarkers for disease progression. Furthermore, the increase in the expression of HERVs in senescent HBECs in comparison to non-induced HBECs provides a potential link for increased COVID-19 severity and mortality in aged populations.

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