Group‐level information decay and inventory inspection: An empirical‐analytical approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Hao‐Chun Chuang ◽  
Rogelio Oliva ◽  
Subodha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Level Information

Information Processing, Motivation, and Group Creativity

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Nijstad ◽  
Myriam Bechtoldt ◽  
Hoon-Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Creativity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Motivated Information Processing ◽  
Processing Motivation ◽  
The Individual

According to an information processing perspective, group creativity results from the combination of individual resources into a (creative) group product. This involves information processing at the individual as well as the group level (by means of communication). This chapter first discusses how individual-level information processing is affected by group interaction in terms of both cognitive interference and cognitive stimulation. It then discusses (1) the evidence linking group-level information processing (i.e., communication, information sharing, collaborative problem solving) to group creativity and (2) the factors that stimulate or reduce group-level information processing. It is argued that many research findings can be explained by assuming that group creativity involves motivated information processing of members.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characteristics of Organic Matter in a Guano Concretion of Late Miocene or Pliocene Age from Manchester Parish in Jamaica

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. ACI.S10380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Spence ◽  
Richard E. Hanson ◽  
Toni Johnson ◽  
Claion Robinson ◽  
Richard N. Annells
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Bird Guano

The biogeochemical fate of organic matter (OM) entering soils is an important issue that must be examined to better understand its roles in nitrogen cycling and as a natural modulator of soil-atmospheric carbon fluxes. Despite these critical roles, there are uncertainties in estimating the contribution of this feedback mechanism due in part to a lack of molecular-level information regarding the origin and labile and refractory inventories of OM in soils. In this study, we used a multi-analytical approach to determine molecular-level information for the occurrence and stabilization of OM in a bird guano concretion of the Late Miocene or Pliocene age in Jamaica. We determined the specific organic structures persisting in the concretion and the possible contribution of fossil organic matter to the OM pool in modern environments. Our results indicate that aliphatic species, presumably of a highly polymethylenic nature [(CH2) n], may significantly contribute to the stable soil-C pool. Although not as significant, proteins and carbohydrates were also enriched in the sample, further suggesting that fossil organic matter may contribute to carbon and nitrogen pools in present day soil organic matter.

Conflict

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breen
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Preferences

: This article examines the role of individual preferences and actions in producing conflict and how conflict shapes preferences, identity, and actions. Using an analytical approach, it looks at the causes and consequences of interpersonal and group conflict, with particular emphasis on the microfoundations of conflict and peace. It also considers how conflict causes action and the formation of collective identity, much as collective identity gives rise to conflict and action. After reviewing some of the challenges raised by the study of conflict, the article discusses the link between interpersonal conflict and individual-level dynamics. It then explores ethnic and class conflict in relation to group-level dynamics, along with the endogenous dynamics of violent conflict in the context of civil war. Finally, it highlights the importance of alliance as a mechanism linking local cleavages into a conflict’s master cleavage.

Anticipatory access to group-level information in working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2450-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Recall Paradigm

One assumption common to many serial recall models is that lists can be stored in a structured manner, as groups nested inside larger sequences. However, many of these theories fail to explain the dynamics by which those groups are accessed, and those models that do provide such an account have not been comprehensively tested. This article presents three experiments using a probed recall paradigm in which potential target positions were precued. Across all the experiments, it was found that a precue that targeted only a single group led to faster recall than one that targeted multiple groups, in cases where the number of positions precued was equated. In two of the three experiments, there was evidence (quantified using Bayes factors [BFs]) that responding under a precue targeting multiple groups was no faster than an uniformative control precue. The results suggest that retrieval of groups is a major bottleneck to recall items in structured lists and are consistent with models assuming that information about groups is retrieved prior to accessing elements in the groups themselves.

The Dynamics of TAT Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon ◽  
Catherine Chabert ◽  
Catherine Azoulay ◽  
Michèle Emmanuelli ◽  
Françoise Neau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latent Content ◽  
Rigorous Method

After many years of clinical practice, research and the teaching of projective tests, Shentoub and her colleagues (Debray, Brelet, Chabert & al.) put forward an original and rigorous method of analysis and interpretation of the TAT protocols in terms of psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. They developed the TAT process theory in order to understand how the subject builds a narrative. Our article will emphasize the source of the analytical approach developed by V. Shentoub in the 1950s to current research; the necessity of marking the boundary between the manifest and latent content in the cards; the procedure for analyzing the narrative, supported by an analysis sheet for understanding the stories' structure and identifying the defense mechanisms; and how developing hypotheses about how the mental functions are organized, as well as their potential psychopathological characteristics; and the formulation of a diagnosis in psychodynamic terms. In conjunction with the analysis and interpretation of the Rorschach test, this approach allows us to develop an overview of the subject's mental functioning, taking into account both the psychopathological elements that may threaten the subject and the potential for a therapeutic process. We will illustrate this by comparing neurotic, borderline, and psychotic personalities.

Narcissistic leaders: An asset or a liability? Leader visibility, follower responses, and group-level absenteeism.

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Nevicka ◽  
Annelies E. M. Van Vianen ◽  
Annebel H. B. De Hoogh ◽  
Bart C. M. Voorn
Keyword(s):  
Group Level
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