The Coagulation Impact of 50% Epoxidised Natural Rubber Chain in Ethylene Carbonate-Plasticized Solid Electrolytes

Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR50), lithium imide salt, [LiN(SO2CF3)2] with and without solvent were prepared by solvent casting technique. Non solvated polymer electrolyte showed modest ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. To further enhance ionic conductivity a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate was added into the system. Thermal characterization showed that single transition glass temperature (Tg) for all systems and amorphous phase is dominant. DSC traces of non solvated samples have shown Tg values increased whereas addition of mixed EC/PC solvent into the electrolyte system reduced their values respectively. Impedance measurements for the solvated epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) based electrolyte systems have shown optimal ionic conductivity 10-4 S cm-1 whereas 10-6 S cm-1 for a non solvated one. ENR electrolyte systems showed similar temperature dependence, which suggests that the conductivity is thermally activated.

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Conductivity Studies of Epoxidized PMMA Grafted Natural Rubber Doped Lithium Triflate Gel Polymer Electrolytes

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27778 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4.14) ◽

pp. 502

Author(s):

Khuzaimah Nazir ◽

Mohamad Fariz Mohamad Taib ◽

Rosnah Zakaria ◽

Muhamad Kamil Yaakob ◽

Oskar Hasdinor Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Ethylene Carbonate ◽

Transference Number ◽

Gel Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Lithium Triflate ◽

Casting Technique ◽

Ionic Transference Number ◽

Conductor Surface ◽

Solution Casting Technique

A gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) comprising of 62.3 mol% of epoxidized-30% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (EMG30) as a polymer host, LiCF3SO3 as a dopant salt and ethylene carbonate (EC) as a plasticizer was prepared by solution-casting technique. The effect of plasticizer on the EMG30- LiCF3SO3 on the ionic conductivity is explained in terms of the plasticizer loading of the film. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the polymer films obeys the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) relationship. The ionic transference number is calculated using Wagner’s polarization technique shows that the conducting species are predominantly due ions and hence showed the system is an ionic conductor. Surface morphological analysis showed the sample with the highest conductivity exhibited most homogenous in nature.

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Electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using Li4Ti5O12 electrode and Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2010.0199 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1548-1553 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hirokazu Kitaura ◽

Akitoshi Hayashi ◽

Kiyoharu Tadanaga ◽

Masahiro Tatsumisago

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Current Density ◽

Solid Electrolytes ◽

High Current Density ◽

Ethylene Carbonate ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Lithium Secondary Batteries ◽

Solid State Cell

All-solid-state Li–In/Li4Ti5O12 cells using Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes were assembled to investigate their electrochemical properties in the wide voltage range of 0–3 V (versus Li). The Li/Li4Ti5O12 cells using 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were fabricated for comparison with the all-solid-state cells. The capacity of the all-solid-state cell using the 70Li2S·27P2S5·3P2O5 (mol%) solid electrolyte decreased with an increase in the current density as well as the cell using the liquid electrolyte. However, the all-solid-state cell was charged and discharged even at a high current density of 10 mA/cm2. The all-solid-state cell was cycled at 1.3 mA/cm2 and retained 90% of the first reversible capacity of about 120 mAh/g after 500 cycles. The all-solid-state cell cycling at 100 °C showed the small overpotential and reversible capacity of about 120 mAh/g at 13 mA/cm2.

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Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163332 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 174-175

Author(s):

P. Sadhukhan ◽

J. B. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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