The history of parkinsonism: Descriptions in ancient Indian medical literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujith Ovallath ◽  
P. Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Mendicants and Medicine: Āyurveda in Jain Monastic Texts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Jyväsjärvi Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Canonical Texts

While early canonical Jain literature may well justify the assessment that some scholars have made about the Jains’ stoic resistance to medical aid, later post-canonical Śvetāmbara Jain texts reveal in fact a much more complex relationship to practices of healing. They make frequent references to medical practice and the alleviation of sickness, describing various medical procedures and instruments and devoting long sections to the interaction between doctors and monastics as issues that a monastic community would have to negotiate as a matter of course. The amount of medical knowledge — indeed fascination with healing human ailments — evident in these later texts invites us to pause before concluding that pre-modern Jain monastic traditions were disinterested in alleviating physical distress. It seems that, on the contrary, the question of when and how to treat the sick within the community emerged as a central concern that preoccupied the monastic authorities and commentators and left its mark on the texts they compiled. Moreover, from the early medieval period onwards, Jains enter the history of Indian medical literature as authors and compilers of actual medical treatises. In what follows, I try to trace this historical shift in Śvetāmbara Jain attitudes to medicine and healing, from the early canonical texts to post-canonical commentaries on the mendicants’ rules. Specifically, I focus on the treatment of medicine in three monastic commentaries composed around the sixth and seventh centuries CE.

scholarly journals AB0444 THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY AND SJÖGREN SYNDROME, AN UNUSUAL ASSOCIATION. PRESENTATION OF CLINICAL CASE AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1521.2-1521
Author(s):  
Y. Santamaria ◽  
M. Galvis ◽  
A. Vanegas
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Exchange Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous Steroids

Background:Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a clinicopathologic diagnosis defined as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) with associated features of thrombocytopenia and end-organ ischemia. Systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and scleroderma, are within the autoimmune diseases, the more commonly associated with TMA. It has been considered that the association with Sjögren Syndrome (SS) is rare.Objectives:To describe one patient with TMA and SS, and to review all cases reported in the literature.Methods:We notified a clinical case of a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome and TMA. Then, we searched the medical literature finding a total of 17 cases reported with this association until 2019. Before the data obtained were tabulated by trained staff and descriptive, comparing groups and bivariate analysis was performed. The outcome of interest was the death of the patient. Stata 12.0 software was used.Results:A 26-years-old Colombian female presented with a 6-week history of petechiae in lower limbs, gingivorrhagia, menorrhagia and jaundice; and previous history of arthritis and xerostomia. On admission, in the context of severe thrombocytopenia and MAHA, MAT diagnosis was made. During hospitalization we confirm the diagnosis of SS with ANA, antiRo and salivary gland biopsy. The patient was treated with steroids (methylprednisolone 500 mg/day, 3 days), plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) and Cyclophosphamide (750 mg), with recovery of hemoglobin and platelet levels; however, the patient died due to a complication of the PLEX catheter removal procedure.A total of 18 patients diagnosed with de novo or prevalent Sjögren’s syndrome who had hospital admission with a diagnosis of TMA were included. The mean age was 54.55 years (Standard deviation (SD): 12.45) and 83.33% of the patients corresponded to the female gender.At admission, the mean of hemoglobin was 8.45 g/dL (SD: 2.55) and median platelets of 27250/mm3 (interquartile range (IQR) 10500 - 102000) were found. The most frequent clinical manifestations were central nervous system alterations (50%), followed by bleeding in the skin and renal failure (44.44%) and fever (27.78%). The most frequent antibodies found were anti-Ro (100%), anti-nuclear antibodies (80%) and anti-La (75%). The most frequently prescribed treatment was plasma exchange therapy (83.33%), intravenous steroids (61.11%), oral steroids (61.11%) and cyclophosphamide (27.78%). Of the total patients, 38.89% died and 27.7% had some relapse of TMA.In the group comparison analysis, differences were found in intravenous steroid (81.82% in those who lived vs. 28.57% in those who died p=0.039), use of PLEX (100% in those who survived vs. 57.14% in those who died p = 0.043), fever (9.09% in those who survived and 57.14% in those who died, p = 0.047), admission hemoglobin (7.65 g/dL in those who lived vs. 10.22 g/dL in those who died, p = 0.05), final platelets (148,000 in which who lived and 39,000 in those who died p = 0.02). Then, in the logistic regression analysis, an association was found between mortality and use of intravenous steroids (OR: 0.08, 95% CI 0.009 - 0.83, p = 0.35) and fever at admission (OR: 13.33 95% CI: 1.04 - 169.55, p = 0.046).Conclusion:While the association between TMA and SS is uncommon, so far 18 cases have been reported in the world medical literature. It is typically a condition of women age close to 50 years. The most frequent manifestations are neurological. Among the variables evaluated, only the use of endovenous steroids was associated with a decrease in the probability of mortality; on the contrary, the presence of fever at hospital admission increased the probability of death. The results should be evaluated with caution, since, due to the limited availability of information, they may not be generalizable to clinical practice. More information on this should be obtained in the future.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Carotid artery web with fetal posterior cerebral artery variant masquerading as recurrent ipsilateral cryptogenic ischaemic strokes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e246421
Author(s):  
Rohit Mehra ◽  
Vikram Patra ◽  
Rishi Dhillan
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Patch Angioplasty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carotid Artery Endarterectomy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teamwork

A 31-year-old woman was referred to vascular surgeons with the history of recurrent ischaemic strokes in two cerebral artery territories over a span of 1 year. On investigation, she was found to have a right internal carotid artery web, with thrombus and a fetal right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which explained the ischaemic strokes in right middle cerebral and PCA territory. The rare association of these two infrequent entities makes the case a singular one in the medical literature. Successful surgical excision was done after multidisciplinary teamwork. The carotid web was excised as part of carotid artery endarterectomy and repaired with great saphenous vein patch angioplasty. The patient made a good recovery.

scholarly journals Successful Outcome of a Triplet Gestation in a Patient with a History of an Open Maternal-Fetal Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Rivers ◽  
Paul W. Whitecar ◽  
Cristóbal S. Berry-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
History Of

Reproductive outcomes in women after pregnancy complicated by an open maternal-fetal surgery (OMFS) are limited. A review of the medical literature reveals only isolated cases of successful multiple pregnancies, and there are no prior documented cases of successful triplet gestations following OMFS. We report the delivery of a triplet gestation at 34-week gestation in a patient with a history of previous OMFS.

In iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, steroid therapy today could keep the surgical knife at bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan K. Henry ◽  
Monika Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Daily Allowance

Abstract Background: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) type 2, characterized as a destructive thyroiditis, is well described in the medical literature; however, iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) is not, though the latter has similar features and can be managed similarly. Case presentation: We present a 17-year-old female who presented with a history of an intermittent goiter with thyroid function tests (TFTs): thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)<0.015 (0.4–4 μU/mL), free thyroxine (T4)≥6 (0.7–2.1 ng/dL) and total triiodothyronine (T3) 651 (50–200 mg/dL). Thyroid antibodies were all negative. Despite methimazole therapy for 6 weeks, hyperthyroidism proved refractory to medical management. 123I scan uptake was suppressed. With hyperthyroidism being recalcitrant to therapy, a nutritional history revealed consumption of an iodine supplement containing at least 7 times the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for 5 years, contributing to the Jod-Basedow phenomenon. Urinary spot and 24-hour urinary iodine were both elevated. Though a surgical consult was obtained, surgery was cancelled once TFTs improved and then normalized with steroid therapy. The TFTs and urinary iodine levels remained normal post steroid therapy. Conclusions: We suggest that in addition to the need for a thorough nutritional history, a trial of corticosteroids should be utilized in the management of IIT which can present with findings similar to AIT type 2 which is recalcitrant to thionamide therapy. If successful, corticosteroids may delay or prevent surgical management thus avoiding possible complications with the latter approach.

scholarly journals Late-Term Complications of COVID-19: Retropharyngeal Infection and Myocarditis in a 26-Year-Old Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yousef Mohammad Yousef ◽  
Basel Abdelazeem ◽  
Atefeh Kalantary ◽  
Rebecca Pratiti
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tomography Scan

Deep neck space infection and viral myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have both been described in the medical literature. However, there are only three reported cases of retropharyngeal infection as a presenting pathology in the setting of COVID-19. A 26-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with fever and neck swelling and pain 1 month after COVID-19 infection. A computed tomography scan of the neck demonstrated tonsillitis with retropharyngeal infection. She was also found to have heart failure with an ejection fraction (EF) of <20% due to acute myocarditis. Her infection resolved and the EF improved to 40% prior to discharge. Our case is the first to describe retropharyngeal infection as a late complication in an adult with a history of COVID-19 several weeks previously. It also presented a clinical challenge in terms of tailoring goal-directed medical therapy to manage severe left ventricular dysfunction caused by myocarditis.

Pipes, Colanders, and Leaky Buckets: Reflections on the Futility Debate

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Medical Futility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Basis ◽  
History Of

The issue of physician refusal of requested treatment has fueled a two-pronged debate in our society-one on the meaning of futility and the other on the limits of patient autonomy. The latter is a genuinely philosophic dispute; the former, it seems, is a modern relapse into nominalism.It is not the meaning of a word, but the moral basis for the actions of the par-ticipants that should be the focus of our attention, Yet the medical literature distracts us with articles titled “Medical Futility: Its Meaning and Ethical Implica-tions” “The Problem with Futility” “Who Defines Futility?,” “The Illusion of Futility,” and even “Beyond Futility.”The history of the futility debate, which was launched by a 1983 study of Bedell and Delbanco that demonstrated the ineffectiveness of CPR for certain catego-ries of patients, has been documented elsewhere. Here we will inquire if the term, and its rapid intrusion into the medical lexicon, serves a useful purpose or if, as Truog suggested, we would all be better off if this new buzzword were jettisoned.

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