scholarly journals Impact of Energy Turnover on the Regulation of Energy and Macronutrient Balance

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bosy‐Westphal ◽  
Franziska A. Hägele ◽  
Manfred J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Turnover

Estimation of anaerobic energy production and efficiency in rats during exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
C. M. Donovan ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
External Work ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Lactate Turnover ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

o assess the effects of gradient and running speed on efficiency of exercise, and to evaluate contributions of oxidative and anaerobic energy production (Ean) during locomotion, two sets of experiments were performed. The caloric expenditures of rats were determined from O2 consumption (VO2) while they ran at three speeds (13.4, 26.8, and 43.1 m/min) on five grades (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). In addition, lactate turnover (LaT) and oxidation (Laox) were determined on rats at rest or during running at 13.4 and 26.8 m/min on 1% grade, respectively. Lactate production not represented in the VO2 (i.e., Ean) was calculated from the LaT not accounted for by oxidation [(LaT an) = LaT-Laox)]. The Ean was calculated as: Ean = [LaT an(mumol/min)] [1.38 ATP/La] [11 mcal/mumol ATP]. Gross efficiency of exercise (the caloric equivalent of external work/caloric equivalent of VO2 X 100) ranged from 1.7 to 4.5%. Apparent efficiency (the inverse of the regression of caloric equivalent of VO2 on the caloric equivalent of work X 100) ranged from 20.5 to 26.4% and reflected the metabolic response of rats to applied external work. The contribution of Ean to total energy turnover ranged from 1.6% at rest to 0.8% during running at 13.4 m/min on a 1% grade. Despite active LaT during steady-state exercise, Ean contributes insignificantly to total energy transduction, because over 70% of the lactate produced is removed through oxidation. VO2 adequately represents metabolism under these conditions.

scholarly journals Actomyosin energy turnover declines while force remains constant during isometric muscle contraction

2004 ◽  
Vol 555 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. West ◽  
N. A. Curtin ◽  
Michael A. Ferenczi ◽  
Zhen-He He ◽  
Yin-Biao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Isometric Muscle Contraction ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Association between fatigue and failure to preserve cerebral energy turnover during prolonged exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nybo ◽  
K. Møller ◽  
B. K. Pedersen ◽  
B. Nielsen ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Energy Turnover

Faster Energy Turnover in Peritoneal Dialysis

1990 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
H. Lange ◽  
W. Berweck ◽  
H. Ebel ◽  
H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Energy Turnover

Increased energy turnover of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kehrer ◽  
H Bosseckert
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Energy Turnover

Influence of localization and inflammation on energy turnover of human gastrointestinal mucosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
G. Kehrer ◽  
H. Bosseckert
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Energy Turnover

Control of cardiac energy turnover by cytoplasmic phosphates: 31P-NMR study

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
V. V. Kupriyanov ◽  
V. L. Lakomkin ◽  
O. V. Korchazhkina ◽  
A. Ya. Steinschneider ◽  
V. I. Kapelko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide Pool

Energy flux, estimated from the cardiac work index (pressure-rate product) and the rate of oxygen consumption, was varied in different ways; and the free concentrations of cytosolic phosphates were detected by the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance method. A reversible decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) and concomitant increase in [ADP] at nearly constant Pi were induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) treatment and its subsequent washout and were followed by a reversible suppression of pressure-rate product and elevation of end-diastolic pressure. 2-DG treatment also resulted in an irreversible and severe reduction of the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool (to approximately one-third of control value) that did not recover during 2-DG washout. Reduction of the energy turnover rate, either by suppression of the PCr shuttle with iodoacetamide or by inhibition of the respiratory chain with amytal, was associated with a drop of PCr level, an elevation of both [ADP] and [Pi], and a rise of end-diastolic pressure. In contrast, a decrease in energy flux by reduction of perfusate Ca2+ led to a PCr rise and a fall in [ADP] and [Pi]. Most of these experimental groups were exposed to two types of loads, isoproterenol stimulation and coronary flow (CF) elevation. Iodoacetamide-treated hearts showed a poor mechanical response to both types of loads compared with other groups. The metabolic response to isoproterenol was uniform in all groups and was associated with some decrease in PCr and increase of [ADP] and [Pi], implying limitations in the respiratory chain. In contrast, activation of energy flux by a CF rise in control and amytal-inhibited hearts did not affect the concentrations of PCr, ADP, and Pi. Thus cytosolic phosphates can serve as a feedback signal for energy production and utilization when the single control point is located in oxidative phosphorylation pathway or contractile system. If control of energy metabolism is equally distributed among producing and utilizing systems (CF variation), other regulatory mechanisms seem to be involved, e.g., cytosolic [Ca2+]. contraction-relaxation; creatine kinase; cytosolic phosphates; isolated rat heart; oxygen consumption

Energy Turnover and Oxygen Transport in the Smallest Mammal: The Etruscan Shrew

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Jürgens
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Energy Turnover

The ecophysiology of survival in juvenile red kangaroos Macropus rufus: greater demands and higher costs.

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Munn ◽  
TJ Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Lactating Females

Red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) are large (> 20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to the arid and semi-arid regions of inland Australia. The population dynamics of M. rufus is tightly linked to environmental factors, which operate partly through the survival of juveniles. A crucial period is the young-at-foot (YAF) stage when juveniles have permanently left the mother?s pouch. YAF and weaned kangaroos have the highest drought-related mortalities of any cohort and show notable differences from adults in their basic physiology. YAF and weaned M. rufus, for example, had a resting metabolic rate (kJ kg-1 d-1) twice that of mature females and 1.5 times that expected for an adult marsupial of equivalent body mass (i.e., kJ kg-0.75 d-1). This greater energy turnover was largely explained by their metabolic demands for growth; juveniles required 70 - 95% of the digestible energy intake (kJ d-1) of mature, non-lactating females. Meeting these costs may not be a problem for juveniles when high-quality, low-fibre forage is available, but they were constrained when only hard-to-digest, high-fibre forage was available. YAF and weaned kangaroos, for example, were unable to sustain growth on forages of more than 40 ? 50% fibre, fibre levels characteristic of forages in arid regions during drought. Yet mature, non-lactating females were capable of maintaining body mass on similar forage. Additionally, juvenile M. rufus required relatively more water than adults for thermoregulation (by up to 2.5-fold), especially under hot conditions, and may need to drink more frequently than adults. Thus, juveniles appear constrained to remain close to water points, increasing their risk of predation and limiting their ability to find the high-quality forage needed for their growth and survival.

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