scholarly journals Personality Development from Age 12 to 25 and its Links with Life Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes P.A. Van Dijk ◽  
William W. Hale ◽  
Skyler T. Hawk ◽  
Wim Meeus ◽  
Susan Branje
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
First Job ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

During adolescence and young adulthood, individuals show personality changes and experience various life transitions. Whereas personality might affect the timing of life transitions, life transitions might also induce personality maturation. We examined Big Five personality maturation from age 12 to 25 using a 9–year longitudinal study of Dutch youths from two cohorts ( n 1 = 683, MageT1 = 12.70; n 2 = 268, Mage T1 = 16.87). We linked personality maturation to the incidence and timing of four transitions: first romantic relationship, leaving the parental home, first job, and first cohabitation or marriage. Results indicated increases in mean levels, rank–order stabilities and profile stability of personality between age 12 and 25, which were largely replicated across the cohorts. Very few associations between personality and life transitions existed. However, higher mean–level Extraversion predicted leaving the parental home and starting the first romantic relationship, an earlier age when starting the first job, and an earlier average timing of transitions. Regarding social investment effects, we only found that those who never experienced a romantic relationship at age 25 decreased, while those who did increased in profile stability over time. These results suggest that personality consistently matures during adolescence and young adulthood and that higher Extraversion predict greater readiness for new steps towards adulthood.

scholarly journals Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Winpenny ◽  
Megan R. Winkler ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Esther M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Major Life Transitions

Abstract Background Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. Methods Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. Results Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1–2 (mean age 14.9–19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of − 0.17 (p = 0.004) and − 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. Conclusions The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.

Self–other agreement in personality development in romantic couples

2020 ◽  
pp. 089020702096901
Author(s):  
Madeline R Lenhausen ◽  
Manon A van Scheppingen ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Curve Models

A large body of evidence indicates that personality traits show high rank-order stability and substantial mean-level changes across the lifespan. However, the majority of longitudinal research on personality development has relied on repeated assessments of self-reports, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. Here, we (1) tested whether self- and informant-reports provided by couples show similar patterns of rank-order stability and mean-level change and (2) assessed self–other agreement in personality development. We charted the Big Five personality trajectories of 255 couples ( N = 510; M age = 27.01 years) who provided both self- and partner-reports at four assessments across 1.5 years. Results indicated similar rank-order stabilities in self- and partner-report data. Latent growth curve models indicated no significant differences between self- and partner-reported personality trajectories, with exceptions to extraversion and agreeableness. We further found strong cross-sectional agreement across all Big Five traits and assessment waves as well as moderate self–other agreement in personality change in emotional stability and agreeableness. These findings highlight the relevance of multi-method assessments in personality development, while providing information about personality stability and change. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications and future directions for multi-method assessments in longitudinal personality research.

Does substance use play a role in gender differences in residential independence and returns to the parental home?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Warner ◽  
Emily Cady
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Home Leaving

Young adults are co-residing with their parents at higher rates now than in the past, and recent research has explored the correlates of both leaving and subsequently returning to the parental home. Of relevance here, females tend to leave home earlier than their male counterparts, and research finds that drinking and drug use are also linked to residential transitions. This research note explores if substance use during adolescence and young adulthood plays a role in gender differences in home-leaving and home-returning. We find that marijuana use plays a role in both home-leaving and home-returning, with adolescent females who use marijuana the most at risk for early exits from home, and marijuana using males the most at risk for home-returning.

Self-Other Agreement in Personality Development in Romantic Couples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Rowena Lenhausen ◽  
Manon A. van Scheppingen ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Curve Models

A large body of evidence indicates that personality traits show high rank-order stability and substantial mean-level changes across the lifespan. However, the majority of longitudinal research on personality development has relied on repeated assessments of self-reports, providing a narrow empirical base from which to draw conclusions and develop theory. Here, we (1) tested whether self- and informant-reports provided by couples show similar patterns of rank-order stability and mean-level change and (2) assessed self-other agreement in personality development. We charted the Big Five personality trajectories of 255 couples (N = 510; M age = 27.01 years) who provided both self- and partner-reports at 4 assessments across 1.5 years. Results indicated similar rank-order stabilities in self- and partner-report data. Latent growth curve models indicated no significant differences between self- and partner-reported personality trajectories, with exceptions to extraversion and agreeableness. We further found strong cross-sectional agreement across all Big Five traits and assessment waves as well as moderate self-other agreement in personality change in emotional stability and agreeableness. These findings highlight the relevance of multi-method assessments in personality development, while providing information about personality stability and change. Discussion focuses on the theoretical implications and future directions for multi-method assessments in longitudinal personality research.

scholarly journals Personality Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Study of Age Differences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pusch ◽  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer ◽  
Christine Finn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality

Early adulthood is a time of substantial personality change characterized by large inter-individual diversity. To investigate the role of age in this diversity, the present study examined whether emerging adults differ from an older group of young adults in their Big Five personality development. By means of multi-group latent change modelling, two groups of 16- to 19-year-olds (n = 3,555) and 26- to 29-year-olds (n = 2,621) were tracked over the course of four years and compared regarding four aspects of personality change: Mean-level change, rank-order change, inter-individual differences in change, and profile change. In addition, age-differential socialization effects associated with six first-time life events were investigated. Analyses revealed substantial age differences in all four aspects of change. As expected, emerging adults showed greater change and diversity in change than young adults. However, the six life events had no age-differential impact on change in single traits and Big Five profiles. Overall, the results indicate that age differences should be considered even in specific life stages to advance the understanding of personality development.

scholarly journals Patterns of Romantic Relationship Experiences and Psychosocial Adjustment From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tita Gonzalez Avilés ◽  
Christine Finn ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Relationship Experiences ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Late Starters

AbstractEngaging in a romantic relationship is a key developmental task of adolescence and adolescents differ greatly in both the age at which they start dating and in how romantically active they are. These differences in romantic relationship experiences could be relevant for adolescents’ short- and long-term psychosocial adjustment. The present study describes the diversity of relationship experiences during adolescence and examines their connection to psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood. N = 2457 adolescents (49.3% female) from a German representative longitudinal study provided information on their relationship experiences between the ages 10 and 20, as well as on their psychosocial adjustment. Data were collected via annual assessments starting in 2008 at age M = 16.50 years (SD = 0.88) through young adulthood (M = 25.46, SD = 0.87). Latent profile analysis identified three romantic involvement groups: late starters, moderate daters, and frequent changers, which were further compared to adolescents without any romantic experiences (continuous singles). Growth curve analyses indicated that continuous singles reported lower life satisfaction and higher loneliness than the moderate daters in adolescence and young adulthood. The continuous singles were also less satisfied with their life in young adulthood and felt more lonely in both adolescence and young adulthood compared to the late starters. The findings of the study suggest great variability in adolescents’ romantic relationship experiences and point toward the developmental significance of these experiences for short- and long-term well-being.

scholarly journals Personality Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Study of Age Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pusch ◽  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer ◽  
Christine Finn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality

Early adulthood is a time of substantial personality change characterized by large inter–individual diversity. To investigate the role of age in this diversity, the present study examined whether emerging adults differ from an older group of young adults in their Big Five personality development. By means of multi–group latent change modelling, two groups of 16– to 19–year–olds ( n = 3555) and 26– to 29–year–olds ( n = 2621) were tracked over the course of four years and compared regarding four aspects of personality change: mean–level change, rank–order change, inter–individual differences in change, and profile change. In addition, age–differential socialization effects associated with six first–time life events were investigated. Analyses revealed substantial age differences in all four aspects of change. As expected, emerging adults showed greater change and diversity in change than young adults. However, the six life events had no age–differential impact on change in single traits and Big Five profiles. Overall, the results indicate that age differences should be considered even in specific life stages to advance the understanding of personality development. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

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