Gender differences in personality: Biological and/or psychological?

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Krampen ◽  
Britt Effertz ◽  
Ursula Jostock ◽  
Beatrix Müller
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
University Students ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Personality Variables

The results of three empirical studies are reported in which the hypothesis is tested that differences in personality variables between the morphophenotype sexes can be explained by psychological sex‐role orientation variables. Furthermore, it was expected that normative sex‐role orientations (measured with the SRO‐S and the AWS‐S Scales) and gender‐related self‐concepts (femininity, masculinity, and androgyny measured with a modified BSRI) explain more variance in personality variables than morphophenotype sex. Besides these sex‐role orientation variables, test and questionnaire data on verbal fluency, spatial reasoning, self‐concept, anxiety, and aggressiveness were obtained in Study I from 50 young adults and their same‐sex parents; in Study II, data on verbal fluency, spatial reasoning, self‐concept, anxiety, and neuroticism were obtained from 120 university students; and in Study III, data on anxiety, locus of control, and Machiavellianism were obtained from 226 university students. The results confirm both hypotheses for the two aspects of intelligence studied, domain‐specific self‐concepts, different aspects of anxiety and aggressiveness, neuroticism, powerful others' externality in locus of control, and Machiavellianism. For all these personality variables the effect sizes of the psychological gender variables were larger than those of morphophenotype sex and reached medium to large values.

Body-Image Distortion and Dissatisfaction in University Students

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriett M. Mable ◽  
William D. G. Balance ◽  
Richard J. Galgan
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Body Image Distortion ◽  
Personality Variables

The present study investigated body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction for a sample of 75 male and 75 female university students, in relation to personality variables implicated in the literature, such as sex-role orientation, self-esteem, locus of control, and depression. Women perceived their weight deviation from the norm at over 15% above their actual deviation, whereas men distorted less than 1%. In a multiple regression analysis, none of the personality measures correlated significantly with body-image distortion; however, sex of subject accounted for 25% of its variance. Body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with low self-esteem, externality, depression, and distortion. The relationship between body-image distortion and dissatisfaction, although significant, was surprisingly small Apparently, these two aspects of body-image disturbance represent quite distinct constructs.

Sex and Sex-Role Differences in Locus of Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Kuther
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Significant Relation

The relations among of sex, measures of sex-role orientation, and locus of control were examined with 240 undergraduates (150 women and 90 men). Although there were no sex differences on mean locus of control scores, a significant relation between scores on sex-role orientation and locus of control was observed for women but not for men.

An Examination of Locus of Control and Sex Role Orientation

1978 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Devine ◽  
Judith M. Stillion
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation
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