ZnO nanoparticles produced in the culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis affect the demographic parameters of Musca domestica using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Iqbal ◽  
Ammara Fatima ◽  
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Demographic Parameters

Demography and Group Structure in Wedgecapped Capuchin Monkeys, Cebus Olivaceus

Behaviour ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Cebus Olivaceus ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe extent to which population demography determines the age and sex composition of primate groups was examined using data from a population of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys Cebus olivaceus in central Venezuela. Demographic parameters were derived from censuses of individually recognized, aged, and sexed individuals living in nine groups over a ten year period. Animals were aged by extrapolation from census data. Animals of both sexes were classed as infants during their first year, and juveniles until they reached six years of age. Females reach sexual maturity at this time, while males were classed as subadults until they reached full adult size at age 12. Adulthood lasts at least 30 years in females, at least 24 years in males. Age-sex class specific mortality and fecundity rates generated a life table which indicated that the population was increasing (r = 0.087) between 1977 and 1986. The age and sex composition of the nine groups was described annually. On average, non-adults made up 60% of a group, with this percentage increasing with group size. There were more females than males in all groups in all years. The strong female-biased adult sex ratio (1:4.4) was a consequence of a biased birth sex ratio (1:1.9), higher female than male survivorship especially between the ages of 3 and 7 when males were dispersing, and a pronounced sexual bimaturism. The stable age distribution derived from the life table successfully predicted the observed average distribution of age-sex categories in groups. This suggests that the group structure of Cebus olivaceus groups is not a consequence of intragroup social interactions, but results from demographic parameters.

scholarly journals Mass Rearing and Life Table Attributes of Two Cyclorrhaphan Flies, Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) under Laboratory Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Saleh ◽  
Aboozar Soltani ◽  
Tahere Dabaghmane ◽  
Hamzeh Alipour ◽  
Kourosh Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

scholarly journals Toxicity intraperitoneal and intragastric route of Bacillus thuringiensis and Melia azedarach in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Berlitz ◽  
M. Giovenardi ◽  
J.-F. Charles ◽  
L.M. Fiúza
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Sds Page

The aim of this investigation was the assessment of toxicity of two new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis, and the aqueous extract of Melia azedarach through in vivo assays in CF1 mice. Bt 1958-2, Bt 2014-2 and the BTh Thuricide 63 standard isolates were grown in liquid usual glicosed medium, and Cry proteins were purified by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. The supernatant was autoclaved at 121º C, 15min. to maintain the exotoxins. Dehydrated leaves of M. azedarach were used to prepare a 10% aqueous extract. Mice were treated either orally or intraperitoneally with a whole bacterial suspension (1.10(10) UFC/mL), a culture supernatant or purified crystal protein (50 µg/mL), and with the plant extract (50 µg/mL). The stomachs of the mice were collected and observed in stereomicroscopy, and the stomach contents were analyzed in 10% SDS-PAGE. Results showed that none of the oral treatments were toxic to mice, but intraperitoneal bacterial suspensions were lethal to the animals 6 - 24 hours after injection. In conclusion, the Cry proteins of the new B. thuringiensis isolates must be evaluated for their use as tools in the biotechnology field, since they do not show toxicity against mammals, intragastrically or peritoneally, just like the M. azedarach aqueous extract (10%), with those being indicated for the biological control of pest insects.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8313
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Xun Zhu ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Host Aphid

Background The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methods The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.

scholarly journals Resistance to insect growth regulators and age-stage, two-sex life table in Musca domestica from different dairy facilities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248693
Author(s):  
Naeem Abbas ◽  
Abdulwahab M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Insect Growth

Among the vectorial insect pests, the domestic house fly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) is a ubiquitous livestock pest with the ability to develop resistance and adapt to diverse climates. Successful management of the house fly in various locations requires information about its resistance development and life table features. The status of insect growth regulators resistance and life table features on the basis of age, stage, and two sexes of the house fly from five different geographical locations of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dirab, Al-Masanie, Al-Washlah, Al-Uraija and Al-Muzahmiya were therefore investigated. The range of resistance levels were 3.77–8.03-fold for methoxyfenozide, 5.50–29.75 for pyriproxyfen, 0.59–2.91-fold for cyromazine, 9.33–28.67-fold for diflubenzuron, and 1.63–8.25-fold for triflumuron in five populations of house fly compared with the susceptible strain. Analysis of life history parameters—such as survival rate, larval duration, pupal duration, pre-female duration, pre-male duration, adult and total pre-oviposition periods, longevity of male, oviposition period, female ratio, and fecundity female-1—revealed significant variations among the field populations. Additionally, demographic features—including the generation time, the finite and intrinsic rates of increase, doubling time, and net reproductive rate—varied significantly among the field populations. These results will be helpful in planning the management of the house fly in geographically isolated dairies in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Comparative biology of two congeneric stinkbugs, Chinavia impicticornis and C. ubica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleonor Cavalcante Alves Silva ◽  
Raul Alberto Laumann ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽  
Michely Ferreira Santos de Aquino ◽  
Miguel Borges
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Time Required

The objective of this work was to compare the biology of Chinavia impicticornis and C. ubica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), two species of stinkbugs that occur as secondary pests in soybean. Life table procedures were used for evaluating nymphs, and fecundity tables for evaluating adults, in order to establish the demographics of the two species. The two species have similar demographic parameters, and the development of immature stages, from egg to adult, had similar duration periods of approximately 30 days. In both species, eggs and second-instar nymphs were the stages with higher mortality. Total egg production did not differ between females of both species. Fecundity and survival curves for adults showed similar trends in both species. However, C. ubica had greater potential to increase its populations, since its fecundity parameters were significantly higher than those of C. impicticornis. Moreover, the generational time and the time required to double the population size were shorter in C. ubica. Prolonged longevity, long oviposition period, high fecundity, and the ability to rapidly increase their populations indicate that both species can become potential pests in favorable environments.

scholarly journals Larvicidal and adulticidal effects and ultrastructural changes of larvae midgut epithelium of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) fed with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kyushuensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrane de Andrade Pereira ◽  
Vitor dos Santos Baia Ferreira ◽  
Nahara de Souza Leite ◽  
Sandra Maria de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes
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