A novel method to clarify nonlinear equivalent circuits of tunnel diodes by extracting rate constants for nonequilibrium electrons

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Kiyoto Asakawa ◽  
Yuji Kurakami ◽  
Mitsufumi Saito ◽  
Michihiko Suhara
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Equivalent Circuits ◽  
Tunnel Diodes ◽  
Novel Method

Compact Modelling of Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour for MEMS with SPICE

2008 ◽  
Vol 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Frank ◽  
J.-P. Zoellner ◽  
Y. Sarov ◽  
Tz. Ivanov ◽  
I. Kuhnholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
System Level ◽  
Equivalent Circuits ◽  
Macro Model ◽  
Circuit Simulator ◽  
Lumped Elements ◽  
Cantilever Array ◽  
Novel Method

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present a novel method of nonlinear macro model of a cantilever for mixed domain simulation only with SPICE. Based on lumped elements of equivalent circuits a model is developed, which realizes a coupled electro-thermal-mechanical simulation including crosstalk effects. The model is verified with measurement and helps to class and solve crosstalk. With SPICE as electrical circuit simulator the cantilever array could be simulate in conjunction with the excitations and analysis electronics more detailed like the system level models and faster like FEM-simulation.

Relative rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals from the reaction of Fe(II) or Ti(III) with H2O2

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3737-3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Relative Rate Constants ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers

In an attempt to clarify the reactions of ferrous sulfate and titanous sulfate with hydrogen peroxide, a novel method has been developed to determine the relative rate constants for reactions of the oxidizing species generated in these systems. These species react with hydrogen peroxide to give perhydroxyl radicals which combine with titanium(IV) ions to form the relatively stable TiOO•3+ radical. This radical gives a strong electron spin resonance signal and the competition between hydrogen peroxide and a scavenger for the oxidizing species can be followed by measuring the amplitude of this signal in the presence of various concentrations of scavenger. The relative rate constants calculated in this way for both the Fe(II)–H2O2 and Ti(III)–H2O2 systems at pH 1.0 agree with those reported for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals in γ-irradiated thymine solutions. This supports the view that hydroxyl radicals are formed in these cases.Under conditions of acidity favoring the hydrolysis of Fe(II) to FeOH+ ions, hydroxyl radical scavengers do not compete with hydrogen peroxide for the precursors of the TiOO•3+ radical. It is suggested that the FeOH+ ions react with hydrogen peroxide to give a different oxidizing species, possibly the ferryl ion.Scavengers investigated were thymine, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, acetic acid, chloride ion, and several amino acids.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Pair Approximation of Methanol Oxidation on TiO2 Reveals Two Reaction Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhae Andrew Kim ◽  
Troy Van Voorhis
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Pair Approximation ◽  
Static Disorder ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Hole Scavenger ◽  
Novel Method

We propose a novel method to simulate the chemical kinetics of methanol oxidation on the rutile TiO2(110) surface. This method must be able to capture the effects of static disorder (site-to-site variations in the rate constants), as well as dynamic correlation (interdependent probabilities of finding reactants and products next to each other). Combining the intuitions of the mean-field steady state (MFSS) method and the pair approximation (PA), we consider representative pairs of sites in a self-consistent bath of the average pairwise correlation. Pre-averaging over the static disorder in one site of each pair makes this half heterogeneous pair approximation (HHPA) efficient enough to simulate systems of several species and calibrate rate constants. According to the simulated kinetics, a static disorder in the hole transfer steps suffices to reproduce the stretched exponentials in the observed kinetics. The identity of the dominant hole scavenger is found to be temperature-dependent -- the methoxy anion at 80 K and the methanol molecule at 180 K. Moreover, two distinct groups of 5-coordinate titanium (Ti5c) sites emerge -- a high-activity group and a low-activity group -- even though no such division exists in the rate constants. Since the division is quite insensitive to the type of static disorder, the emergence of the two groups might play a significant role in a variety of photocatalytic processes on TiO2.

A novel method for calculating rate constants of diffusion-influenced reactions

2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 5109-5114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin L. Ivanov ◽  
Nikita N. Lukzen
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Novel Method

A novel method for determining rate constants for dehydration of aldehyde hydrates

Biochemistry ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 5148-5156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Rendina ◽  
Jeffrey D. Hermes ◽  
W. W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Novel Method

The removal and morphology of intact biofilms from implanted venous access devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
M.A. Gregory ◽  
G.P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vascular Catheters ◽  
Venous Access Devices

The insertion of implanted venous access systems for children undergoing prolonged courses of chemotherapy has become a common procedure in pediatric surgical oncology. While not permanently implanted, the devices are expected to remain functional until cure of the primary disease is assured. Despite careful patient selection and standardised insertion and access techniques, some devices fail. The most commonly encountered problems are colonisation of the device with bacteria and catheter occlusion. Both of these difficulties relate to the development of a biofilm within the port and catheter. The morphology and evolution of biofilms in indwelling vascular catheters is the subject of ongoing investigation. To date, however, such investigations have been confined to the examination of fragments of biofilm scraped or sonicated from sections of catheter. This report describes a novel method for the extraction of intact biofilms from indwelling catheters.15 children with Wilm’s tumour and who had received venous implants were studied. Catheters were removed because of infection (n=6) or electively at the end of chemotherapy.

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