Diverse forests are cool: Promoting diverse forests to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change

Global warming, climate change is now affecting the world. The effort of the leaders to achieving the sustainable development is from New Urban Agenda (NUA), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) and local level is local authorities. SDG’s goal number 13 takes urgent action to combat climate change and its impact also SDG’s number 11 to sustainable cities and communities. The gap of this paper Different cities face different challenges and issues. Local authorities will play a significant role in undertaking policy initiatives to combat carbon emissions of the city. Low Carbon Cities (LCC) is to reduce carbon emissions in all human activities in cities. The objective of this paper is by applying the LCCF Checklist in planning permission for sustainable development. The methodology of this research is a mixed-method, namely quantitative and qualitative approach. The survey methods are by interview, questionnaire, and observation. Town planners are the subject matter expert in managing the planning permission submission for the development control of their areas. Descriptive statistical analysis will be used to show the willingness of the stakeholders, namely the developers and planning consultants in implementing of the LCCF. The contribution of this research will gauge readiness at the local authorities level. The findings of the LCCF checklist are identified as important in planning permission into the development control process. Surprisingly, that challenges and issues exist in multifaceted policy implementation the LCCF Checklist in a local authority. Finally based on Subang Jaya Municipal Councils, the existing approach in the application of the LCCF Checklist in the development control process will be useful for development control in a local authority towards sustainable development.

Consumer willingness-to-pay for restaurant surcharges to reduce carbon emissions: default and information effects

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/age.2021.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Dede Long ◽

Grant H. West ◽

Rodolfo M. Nayga

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Dichotomous Choice ◽

Carbon Reduction ◽

The Mean ◽

Agriculture And Food

Abstract The agriculture and food sectors contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. About 15 percent of food-related carbon emissions are channeled through restaurants. Using a contingent valuation (CV) method with double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) questions, this article investigates U.S. consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an optional restaurant surcharge in support of carbon emission reduction programs. The mean estimated WTP for a surcharge is 6.05 percent of an average restaurant check, while the median WTP is 3.64 percent. Our results show that individuals have a higher WTP when the surcharge is automatically added to restaurant checks. We also find that an information nudge—a short climate change script—significantly increases WTP. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in treatment effects across consumers’ age, environmental awareness, and economic views. Our findings suggest that a surcharge program could transfer a meaningful amount of the agricultural carbon reduction burden to consumers that farmers currently shoulder.

Study on Optimization Strategy of Urban Residential Quarter Dealing with the Climate Change in Winter Cities

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2222 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 174-177 ◽

pp. 2222-2225

Author(s):

Fei Lv ◽

Yuan Sheng Guo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Public Participation ◽

Public Space ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Optimization Strategy ◽

Emergency Response System ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Residential Quarter ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

In recent years, climate change has been getting more serious. How to mitigate and adapt to climate change has caught the concerns of governments and academia. Firstly, this article briefly addresses the causes of climate change and its impacts, and then analyzes the link between climate change and urban settlements and the impacts of climate change to urban settlements in winter city. Finally, according to the Characteristics of winter city, the paper presents some optimization strategies of urban residential quarter in winter city addressing climate change including reducing carbon emissions, ensuring settlements security and guiding residents to public participation. Reducing urban settlements carbon emissions includes improving internal functions, combing the internal transportation system, optimizing the green mode and applying special techniques. Protecting the safety of urban settlements includes improving emergency response system, strengthening the vertical and horizontal connection and optimizing the layout of public space. Guiding residents to public participation includes establishing the information banks of urban settlements addressing to climate change and improving the quality of the residents.

Solutions to blue carbon emissions: Shrimp cultivation, mangrove deforestation and climate change in coastal Bangladesh

Marine Policy ◽

10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 68-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nesar Ahmed ◽

William W.L. Cheung ◽

Shirley Thompson ◽

Marion Glaser

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Blue Carbon ◽

Coastal Bangladesh ◽

Shrimp Cultivation

Assessing the Opportunity Cost of Carbon Stock Caused by Land-Use Changes in Taiwan

Land ◽

10.3390/land10111240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1240

Author(s):

Ming-Yun Chu ◽

Wan-Yu Liu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Opportunity Cost ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Market Price ◽

The Government

As compared with conventional approaches for reducing carbon emissions, the strategies of reducing emissions from deforestations and forest degradation (REDD) can greatly reduce costs. Hence, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regards the REDD strategies as a crucial approach to mitigate climate change. To respond to climate change, Taiwan passed the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act to control the emissions of greenhouse gases. In 2021, the Taiwan government has announced that it will achieve the carbon neutrality target by 2050. Accordingly, starting with focusing on the carbon sink, the REDD strategies have been considered a recognized and feasible strategy in Taiwan. This study analyzed the net present value and carbon storage for various land-use types to estimate the carbon stock and opportunity cost of land-use changes. When the change of agricultural land to artificial forests generated carbon stock, the opportunity cost of carbon stock was negative. Contrarily, restoring artificial forests (which refer to a kind of forest that is formed through artificial planting, cultivation, and conservation) to agricultural land would generate carbon emissions, but create additional income. Since the opportunity cost of carbon storage needs to be lower than the carbon market price so that landlords have incentives to conduct REDD+, the outcomes of this study can provide a reference for the government to set an appropriate subsidy or price for carbon sinks. It is suggested that the government should offer sufficient incentives to reforest collapsed land, and implement interventions, promote carbon trading policies, or regulate the development of agricultural land so as to maintain artificial broadleaf forests for increased carbon storage.

Investigation of Biomass Efficiency Assessment Methods of Open Green Areas for Sustainable Cities

Proceedings Article ◽

10.38027/iccaua2021298n13 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmetali AK ◽

◽

Aslı GÜNEŞ GÖLBEY ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Quality ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Green Areas ◽

And Storage

One of the most important environmental problems in today's world is climate change caused by greenhouse gases. Due to the increase in CO2 emissions from greenhouse gases, climate change is increasing and moving towards the point of no return. In this process, many ideas have been developed to combat climate change. One of these ideas is that cities should be sustainable. In order for cities to be sustainable, activities such as expanding the use of renewable energy resources in cities, increasing green and environmentally friendly transportation, improving air quality, and minimizing carbon emissions should be carried out. In this context, open green areas have important effects in terms of improving air quality, reducing the heat island effect in cities and especially keeping carbon emissions to a minimum. Thus, the efficiency and productivity of carbon capture and storage of green areas come to the fore. There are several methods to measure the carbon capture and storage efficiency of green areas and to evaluate their efficiency. In this study, the methods used in determining open green areas in cities and evaluating biomass productivity in these areas will be examined.

ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES

International Journal of Industrial Management ◽

10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Seng-Huat Tan ◽

Meenchee Hong

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Urban Population ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Value Added ◽

Pollution Problem ◽

Per Capita ◽

Asean Countries ◽

The Government

Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fast-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth

The Impact of Climate Change on the Value of Growing Maize as a Biofuel

The Central European Review of Economics and Management ◽

10.29015/cerem.838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 13-26

Author(s):

Sally Olasogba ◽

Les DUCKERS

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Energy Use ◽

Farm Management ◽

Energy Output ◽

Net Energy ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

The Impact

Abstract: Aim: According to COP23, Climate Change threatens the stability of the planet’s ecosystems, with a tipping point believed to be at only +2°C. With the burning of fossil fuels, held responsible for the release of much of the greenhouse gases, a sensible world- wide strategy is to replace fossil fuel energy sources with renewable ones. The renewable resources such as wind, hydro, geothermal, wave and tidal energies are found in particular geographical locations whereas almost every country is potentially able to exploit PV and biomass. This paper examines the role that changing climate could have on the growing and processing of biomass. The primary concern is that future climates could adversely affect the yield of crops, and hence the potential contribution of biomass to the strategy to combat climate change. Maize, a C4 crop, was selected for the study because it can be processed into biogas or other biofuels. Four different Nigerian agricultural zones growing maize were chosen for the study. Long-term weather data was available for the four sites and this permitted the modelling of future climates. Design / Research methods: The results of this study come from modelling future climates and applying this to crop models. This unique work, which has integrated climate change and crop modelling to forecast yield and carbon emissions, reveals how maize responds to the predicted increased temperature, change in rainfall, and the variation in weather patterns. In order to fully assess a biomass crop, the full energy cycle and carbon emissions were estimated based on energy and materials inputs involved in farm management: fertilizer application, and tillage type. For maize to support the replacement strategy mentioned above it is essential that the ratio of energy output to energy input exceeds 1, but of course it should be as large as possible. Conclusions / findings: Results demonstrate that the influence of climate change is important and in many scenarios, acts to reduce yield, but that the negative effects can be partially mitigated by careful selection of farm management practices. Yield and carbon footprint is particularly sensitive to the application rate of fertilizer across all locations whilst climate change is the causal driver for the increase in net energy and carbon footprint at most locations. Nonetheless, in order to ensure a successful strategic move towards a low carbon future, and sustainable implementation of biofuel policies, this study provides valuable information for the Nigerian government and policy makers on potential AEZs to cultivate maize under climate change. Further research on the carbon footprint of alternative bioenergy feedstock to assess their environmental carbon footprint and net energy is strongly suggested. Originality / value of the article: This paper extends the review on the impact of climate change on maize production to include future impacts on net energy use and carbon footprint using a fully integrated assessment framework. Most studies focus only on current farm energy use and historical climate change impact on farm GHG emissions.

A qualitative assessment of the impact of smart homes and environmentally beneficial technologies on the UK 2050 net-zero carbon emission target

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment ◽

10.1108/sasbe-07-2021-0112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ghasson Shabha ◽

Francesca Barber ◽

Paul Laycock

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Smart Home ◽

Smart Homes ◽

Content Type ◽

Net Zero ◽

Zero Carbon ◽

The Uk ◽

Home Technology ◽

Smart Home Technology

PurposeThere are 29 million homes in the UK, accounting for 14% of the UK's energy consumption. This is given that UK has one of the highest water and energy demands in Europe which needs to be addressed according to the Committee on Climate Change (CCC). Smart homes technology holds a current perception that it is principally used by “tech-savvy” users with larger budgets. However, smart home technology can be used to control water, heat and energy in the entire house. This paper investigates how smart home technology could be effectively utilised to aid the UK government in meeting climate change targets and to mitigate the environmental impact of a home in use towards reducing carbon emissions.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were sought to gain insight into the research problem. An epistemological approach to this research is to use interpretivism to analyse data gathered via a semi-structured survey. Two groups of participants were approached: (1) professionals who are deemed knowledgeable about smart home development and implementation and (2) users of smart home technology. A variety of open-ended questions were formulated, allowing participants to elaborate by exploring issues and providing detailed qualitative responses based on their experience in this area which were interpreted quantitatively for clearer analysis.FindingsWith fossil fuel reserves depleting, there is an urgency for renewable, low carbon energy sources to reduce the 5 tonnes annual carbon emissions from a UK household. This requires a multi-faceted and a multimethod approach, relying on the involvement of both the general public and the government in order to be effective. By advancing energy grids to make them more efficient and reliable, concomitant necessitates a drastic change in the way of life and philosophy of homeowners when contemplating a reduction of carbon emissions. If both parties are able to do so, the UK is more likely to reach its 2050 net-zero carbon goal. The presence of a smart meter within the household is equally pivotal. It has a positive effect of reducing the amount of carbon emissions and hence more need to be installed.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed using a larger study sample to achieve more accurate and acceptable generalisations about any future course of action. Further investigation on the specifics of smart technology within the UK household is also needed to reduce the energy consumption in order to meet net-zero carbon 2050 targets due to failures of legislation.Practical implicationsFor smart homes manufacturers and suppliers, more emphasis should be placed to enhance compatibility and interoperability of appliances and devices using different platform and creating more user's friendly manuals supported by step-by-step visual to support homeowners in the light of the wealth of knowledge base generated over the past few years. For homeowners, more emphasis should be placed on creating online knowledge management platform easily accessible which provide virtual support and technical advice to home owners to deal with any operational and technical issues or IT glitches. Developing technical design online platform for built environment professionals on incorporating smart sensors and environmentally beneficial technology during early design and construction stages towards achieving low to zero carbon homes.Originality/valueThis paper bridges a significant gap in the body of knowledge in term of its scope, theoretical validity and practical applicability, highlighting the impact of using smart home technology on the environment. It provides an insight into how the UK government could utilise smart home technology in order to reduce its carbon emission by identifying the potential link between using smart home technology and environmental sustainability in tackling and mitigating climate change. The findings can be applied to other building types and has the potential to employ aspects of smart home technology in order to manage energy and water usage including but not limited to healthcare, commercial and industrial buildings.