An approach for broad‐scale predictive soil properties mapping in low‐relief areas based on responses to solar radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
David G. Rossiter ◽  
Xiaodong Song ◽  
Gan‐Lin Zhang ◽  
Huayong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Broad Scale

scholarly journals New insights into the environmental factors controlling the ground thermal regime across the Northern Hemisphere: a comparison between permafrost and non-permafrost areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Karjalainen ◽  
Miska Luoto ◽  
Juha Aalto ◽  
Jan Hjort
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Active Layer Thickness

Abstract. The thermal state of permafrost affects Earth surface systems and human activity in the Arctic and has implications for global climate. Improved understanding of the local-scale variability in the global ground thermal regime is required to account for its sensitivity to changing climatic and geoecological conditions. Here, we statistically related observations of mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active-layer thickness (ALT) to high-resolution (∼1 km2) geospatial data of climatic and local environmental conditions across the Northern Hemisphere. The aim was to characterize the relative importance of key environmental factors and the magnitude and shape of their effects on MAGT and ALT. The multivariate models fitted well to both response variables with average R2 values being ∼0.94 and 0.78. Corresponding predictive performances in terms of root-mean-square error were ∼1.31 ∘C and 87 cm. Freezing (FDD) and thawing (TDD) degree days were key factors for MAGT inside and outside the permafrost domain with average effect sizes of 6.7 and 13.6 ∘C, respectively. Soil properties had marginal effects on MAGT (effect size =0.4–0.7 ∘C). For ALT, rainfall (effect size =181 cm) and solar radiation (161 cm) were most influential. Analysis of variable importance further underlined the dominance of climate for MAGT and highlighted the role of solar radiation for ALT. Most response shapes for MAGT ≤0 ∘C and ALT were non-linear and indicated thresholds for covariation. Most importantly, permafrost temperatures had a more complex relationship with air temperatures than non-frozen ground. Moreover, the observed warming effect of rainfall on MAGT≤0∘C reverted after reaching an optimum at ∼250 mm, and that of snowfall started to level off at ∼300–400 mm. It is suggested that the factors of large global variation (i.e. climate) suppressed the effects of local-scale factors (i.e. soil properties and vegetation) owing to the extensive study area and limited representation of soil organic matter. Our new insights into the factors affecting the ground thermal regime at a 1 km scale should improve future hemispheric-scale studies.

Thinking globally or acting locally? Belowground biotic responses to local- and broad- scale variations in mountain soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Stokes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Broad Scale

<p>Soil is a hyper-heterogeneous environment, and how plants respond to changes in belowground variations in microclimate, soil properties and biota is extremely difficult to disentangle. Environmental gradients have been proposed as useful to help understand how root traits mediate plant responses to soil hyper-heterogeneity, and if in turn, there is a feedback mechanism that then impacts soil processes.</p><p>We present data from studies of forests and prairies situated along temperate elevational gradients. We measured functional traits from individual plant species and also in species mixtures at the community level. Distinct patterns in aboveground traits were found with increasing altitude. However, even though there were changes in soil biota, physical and chemical properties along gradients, we show that at the species level, several plant root traits were more sensitive to variations in local soil properties, compared to global variations along the elevation gradient. At the community level however, patterns of trait variation in individual species were often masked. Earthworm populations were also mostly driven by local soil properties, and elevation and plant species composition had only an indirect effect on population size. We also demonstrate that increased diversity in soil microbial communities was linked to the species composition of vegetation at a local level, rather than broad scale soil or climate characteristics.</p><p>Results will be discussed with regard to their impact on shaping soil processes such as carbon stockage, aggregation and hydraulic conductivity. Integrating these data into conceptual models of mountain ecosystem functioning is a challenging next step.</p>

Broad‐scale distribution of diazotrophic communities is driven more by aridity index and temperature than by soil properties across various forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2119-2130
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Zhao ◽  
Yongping Kou ◽  
Xiaohu Wang ◽  
Yanhong Wu ◽  
Haijian Bing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Broad Scale

scholarly journals A review of fire effects across South American ecosystems: the role of climate and time since fire

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa A. Giorgis ◽  
Sebastian R. Zeballos ◽  
Lucas Carbone ◽  
Heike Zimmermann ◽  
Henrik von Wehrden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
South America ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Vegetation Feedback ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Broad Scale

Abstract Background Fire is an important driver of ecosystem dynamics worldwide. However, knowledge on broad-scale patterns of ecosystem and organism responses to fires is still scarce. Through a systematic quantitative review of available studies across South America, we assessed fire effects on biodiversity and abundance of different organisms (i.e., plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates), plant fitness, and soil properties under four climate types, and time since the last fire (i.e., early and late post fire). We addressed: (1) What fire effects have been studied across South America? (2) What are the overall responses of biodiversity, abundance, fitness, and soil properties to fires? (3) How do climate and time since fire modulate those responses? Results We analyzed 160 articles reporting 1465 fire responses on paired burned and unburned conditions. We found no effect of fire on biodiversity or on invertebrate abundance, a negative effect on woody plant species and vertebrate abundance, and an increase in shrub fitness. Soil in burned areas had higher bulk density and pH, and lower organic matter and nitrogen. Fire effect was significantly more positive at early than at late post fire for plant fitness and for soil phosphorus and available nitrogen. Stronger negative effects in semiarid climate compared to humid warm climate suggest that higher temperatures and water availability allow a faster ecosystem recovery after fire. Conclusions Our review highlights the complexity of the climate–fire–vegetation feedback when assessing the response of soil properties and different organisms at various levels. The resilience observed in biodiversity may be expected considering the large number of fire-prone ecosystems in South America. The recovery of invertebrate abundance, the reduction of the vertebrate abundance, and the loss of nitrogen and organic matter coincide with the responses found in global reviews at early post-fire times. The strength of these responses was further influenced by climate type and post-fire time. Our synthesis provides the first broad-scale diagnosis of fire effects in South America, helping to visualize strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in fire research. It also brings much needed information for developing adequate land management in a continent where fire plays a prominent socio-ecological role.

Digital mapping of soil information at a broad-scale: A review on GlobalSoilMap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songchao Chen ◽  
Vera Leatitia Mulder ◽  
Laura Poggio ◽  
Pierre Roudier ◽  
Zamir Libohova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
Broad Scale

<p>In the 21<sup>st</sup> century, soils are at the crossroads of global issues (i.e., food security, water security, biodiversity protection, climate change, and ecosystem services) and essential to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals. Although soils are central to these global issues, their management requires local actions and knowledge, which requires fine-resolution soil information. With an emphasis on broad-scale studies (>10,000 km<sup>2</sup>), this review outlines recent progress in the development of GlobalSoilMap, an initiative to provide a global fine-resolution grid of soil properties with quantified uncertainties using the bottom-up approach. This review provides an overview related to the soil data source, environmental covariates, spatial prediction, modelling and mapping techniques, uncertainty qualification, and target soil properties. The main findings of this review are: (1) A great increase of publication was observed after 2012, reaching a peak in recent years; (2) Australia and China were the most active countries; (3) Geoderma was the most frequent journal that was preferred by authors to publish related studies; (4) More than a half of the studies did not report soil sampling design; (5) Data splitting was the most frequent strategy for model evaluation, and independent validation was rarely used; (6) Nonlinear predictive model (i.e., machine learning) was becoming popular than ever before; (7) Relief, organisms and climate were the top three SCORPAN factors used in modelling; (8) Soil organic carbon (or soil organic matter) was the top soil property of interest.</p><p>This review also highlights the perspectives of GlobalSoilMap for further improving the quality of soil information globally and making it practical in decision making.</p>

scholarly journals Digital mapping of GlobalSoilMap soil properties at a broad scale: A review

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 115567
Author(s):  
Songchao Chen ◽  
Dominique Arrouays ◽  
Vera Leatitia Mulder ◽  
Laura Poggio ◽  
Budiman Minasny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Broad Scale

Sensitivity of CERES-Maize simulated yields to uncertainty in soil properties and daily solar radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico E. Bert ◽  
Carlos E. Laciana ◽  
Guillermo P. Podestá ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre ◽  
Angel N. Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Soil Properties

Report Details Solar Radiation Alert and Recommendations

Space Weather ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Staedter
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation
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