First insights in the phylogeny of Asian cheilanthoid ferns based on sequences of two chloroplast markers

Abstract Background Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is an important food crop. However, the genetic information of the nuclear genome of this species is difficult to determine accurately because of its large genome and complex genetic background. This drawback has limited studies on the origin, evolution, genetic diversity and other relevant studies on sweetpotato. Results The chloroplast genomes of 107 sweetpotato cultivars were sequenced, assembled and annotated. The resulting chloroplast genomes were comparatively analysed with the published chloroplast genomes of wild species of sweetpotato. High similarity and certain specificity were found among the chloroplast genomes of Ipomoea spp. Phylogenetic analysis could clearly distinguish wild species from cultivars. Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea tabascana showed the closest relationship with the cultivars, and different haplotypes of ycf1 could be used to distinguish the cultivars from their wild relatives. The genetic structure was analyzed using variations in the chloroplast genome. Compared with traditional nuclear markers, the chloroplast markers designed based on the InDels on the chloroplast genome showed significant advantages. Conclusions Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of 107 cultivars and several wild species of sweetpotato was performed to help analyze the evolution, genetic structure and the development of chloroplast DNA markers of sweetpotato.

Download Full-text

MODIFICATION OF CHLOROPLAST GENE TRANSMISSION IN SOMATIC FUSION PRODUCTS AND VEGETATIVE ZYGOTES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI BY 5-FLUORODEOXYURIDINE

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/99.3-4.371 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 99 (3-4) ◽

pp. 371-381

Author(s):

Rene F Matagne ◽

Marie-Paule Hermesse

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Gene ◽

Maternal Transmission ◽

Maternal Parent ◽

Somatic Fusion ◽

Chloroplast Markers ◽

Chloroplast Genomes ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Sexual Crosses ◽

Fusion Products ◽

Allele Transmission

ABSTRACT Sexual crosses and somatic fusions were performed between complementing wall-less arg- mutant strains bearing chloroplast markers for resistance to antibiotics. The mode of chloroplast allele transmission was investigated in the diploid colonies developed from both vegetative zygotes and fusion products. Before mating or fusion, one or both of the parental strains were grown for 4 or 8 days on agar containing 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR, 0.1 to 1.0 mM), which selectively reduces the amount of chloroplast DNA in Chlamydomonas. When one parent was pregrown on FUdR, the frequency of vegetative zygotes transmitting chloroplast alleles of both parents (biparental or BP zygotes) decreased, the reduction being more drastic when the mt parent was treated. Transmission was mainly uniparental maternal (UPm) or paternal (UPp) depending on whether the mt- or the mt+ parent was pregrown for 8 days in the presence of 1 .OmM FUdR. Treatment of both parents led to a strong maternal transmission. In the experiments involving somatic fusion between parent 1 and parent 2(same or opposite mt), the ratio UP1/UP2, which was approximately equal to 1 in the control, decreased or increased according to whether the cells of parent 1 or 2 were pregrown on FUdR. In parallel, the frequency of BP fusion products always decreased. When both parental strains were treated with FUdR, the frequency of BP fusion products also decreased and the ratio UP,/cTP, was roughly equal to 1. The effect of FUdR can be interpreted in terms of reduction of the input frequencies of parental chloroplast genomes at the time of gametic or somatic cell fusion, the bias in favor of the maternal parent being operational only in sexual crosses.

Download Full-text

Phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaeales using fast-evolving and noncoding chloroplast markers

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00659.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 154 (2) ◽

pp. 141-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

CORNELIA LÖHNE ◽

THOMAS BORSCH ◽

JOHN H. WIERSEMA

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Chloroplast Markers

Download Full-text

Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of the genus Didymodon (Pottiaceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast markers

Journal of Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1111/jse.12831 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Guo‐Li Zhang ◽

Chao Feng ◽

Jin Kou ◽

Yu Han ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Divergence Time ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Divergence Time Estimation ◽

Chloroplast Markers

Download Full-text

Multiple origins of insular woodiness on the Canary Islands are consistent with palaeoclimatic aridification

10.1101/2020.05.09.084582 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Hooft van Huysduynen ◽

Steven Janssens ◽

Vincent Merckx ◽

Rutger Vos ◽

Luis Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Canary Island ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Evolutionary Transition ◽

North African ◽

Island Species ◽

Chloroplast Markers ◽

Multiple Origins ◽

The Family ◽

Family Level

ABSTRACTAimInsular woodiness, referring to the evolutionary transition from herbaceousness towards woodiness on islands, has arisen at least 38 times on the Canary Islands. Distribution patterns and physiological experiments have suggested a link between insular woodiness and increased drought stress resistance in current-day species, but we do not know in which palaeoclimatic conditions these insular woody lineages originated. Therefore, we estimated the timing of colonisation events and origin of woodiness of multiple Canary Island lineages and reviewed the palaeoclimate based on literature.LocationCanary Islands (Spain).Taxon37 lineages, including 24 insular woody and 13 non-insular woody (i.e. herbaceous, ancestrally woody, and derived woody).MethodsTo enable a simultaneous dating analysis for all 37 lineages, two chloroplast markers (matK and rbcL) for 135 Canary Island species and 103 closely related continental relatives were sequenced and aligned to an existing matK-rbcL dataset including ca 24,000 species that was calibrated with 42 fossils from outside the Canaries. After constraining the species to the family level, 200 RAxML runs were performed and dated with TreePL.ResultsWoodiness in 80-90% of the insular woody lineages originated within the last 7 Myr, coinciding with the onset of major aridification events nearby the Canaries (start of north African desertification, followed by Messinian salinity crisis); in ca 55-65% of the insular woody lineages studied, woodiness developed within the last 3.2 Myr during which Mediterranean seasonality (yearly summer droughts) became established on the Canaries, followed by dry Pleistocene glacial fluctuations.Main conclusionsAlthough details of the initial colonisation and settlement of many island plant lineages remain elusive, our results are consistent with palaeodrought as a potential driver for woodiness in most of the insular woody Canary Island lineages studied.

Download Full-text

Argyrochosma, a New Genus of Cheilanthoid Ferns

American Fern Journal ◽

10.2307/1547438 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michael D. Windham

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Cheilanthoid Ferns

Download Full-text

A revision of Australian species of Radula subg. Odontoradula

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb13035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 408 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Matt A. M. Renner ◽

Nicolas Devos ◽

Elizabeth A. Brown ◽

Matt J. von Konrat

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

South Eastern ◽

Chloroplast Markers ◽

Molecular Divergence ◽

Wet Tropics ◽

Australian Flora ◽

Morphological Differences

The current paper presents molecular data from three chloroplast markers (atpB–rbcL spacer, trnG G2 intron, trnL–trnF intron and spacer); morphological data, and geographic data to support the recognition of nine species belonging to Radula subg. Odontoradula in Australasia. R. ocellata, the subgeneric type from the Wet Tropics bioregion, is maintained as distinct from its sister species, R. pulchella, from south-eastern Australian rainforests; both species are Australian endemics. Reinstatement of R. allisonii from synonymy, under R. retroflexa, is supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the absence of triradiate trigones on leaf-lobe cell walls, the apex of lobules on primary shoots not being turned outwards, the oblong-elliptic female bracts, and the perianths having a pronounced wing. Reinstatement of R. weymouthiana, from synonymy under R. retroflexa, is also supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the presence of a single low dome-shaped papilla over each leaf-lobe cell, and the large imbricate lobules on primary shoots. R. weymouthiana occurs in Tasmania and New Zealand, whereas R. allisonii is a New Zealand endemic. Australian R. retroflexa exhibits differentiation into epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, interpreted as ecotypes. Australian individuals, comprising both epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, are monophyletic and nested within a clade containing individuals from other regions. R. novae-hollandiae is newly reported for the New Zealand Botanical Region, from Raoul Island in the Kermadecs. R. novae-hollandiae exhibits decoupling of morphological and molecular divergence, with Australian individuals forming two clades reflecting geography (a Wet Tropics bioregion clade and a south-eastern Rainforest clade). These clades exhibit equivalent levels of molecular divergence, as observed in R. pulchella and R. ocellata, but no morphological differences. Similar levels of molecular divergence were observed in trans-Tasman populations of R. tasmanica. The New Zealand endemic, R. plicata, is excluded from the Australian flora, and R. cuspidata replaces R. dentifolia for the New Zealand endemic species formerly known by both names.

Download Full-text