A revision of Australian species of Radula subg. Odontoradula

The current paper presents molecular data from three chloroplast markers (atpB–rbcL spacer, trnG G2 intron, trnL–trnF intron and spacer); morphological data, and geographic data to support the recognition of nine species belonging to Radula subg. Odontoradula in Australasia. R. ocellata, the subgeneric type from the Wet Tropics bioregion, is maintained as distinct from its sister species, R. pulchella, from south-eastern Australian rainforests; both species are Australian endemics. Reinstatement of R. allisonii from synonymy, under R. retroflexa, is supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the absence of triradiate trigones on leaf-lobe cell walls, the apex of lobules on primary shoots not being turned outwards, the oblong-elliptic female bracts, and the perianths having a pronounced wing. Reinstatement of R. weymouthiana, from synonymy under R. retroflexa, is also supported by molecular data and morphological characters, including the presence of a single low dome-shaped papilla over each leaf-lobe cell, and the large imbricate lobules on primary shoots. R. weymouthiana occurs in Tasmania and New Zealand, whereas R. allisonii is a New Zealand endemic. Australian R. retroflexa exhibits differentiation into epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, interpreted as ecotypes. Australian individuals, comprising both epiphytic and rheophytic morphs, are monophyletic and nested within a clade containing individuals from other regions. R. novae-hollandiae is newly reported for the New Zealand Botanical Region, from Raoul Island in the Kermadecs. R. novae-hollandiae exhibits decoupling of morphological and molecular divergence, with Australian individuals forming two clades reflecting geography (a Wet Tropics bioregion clade and a south-eastern Rainforest clade). These clades exhibit equivalent levels of molecular divergence, as observed in R. pulchella and R. ocellata, but no morphological differences. Similar levels of molecular divergence were observed in trans-Tasman populations of R. tasmanica. The New Zealand endemic, R. plicata, is excluded from the Australian flora, and R. cuspidata replaces R. dentifolia for the New Zealand endemic species formerly known by both names.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.680.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 680 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

ARNE NYGREN

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Nominal Species ◽

Strict Consensus Tree ◽

Incertae Sedis ◽

Nomina Dubia ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Combined Data

Autolytinae is revised based on available types, and newly collected specimens. Out of 170 nominal species, 18 are considered as incertae sedis, 43 are regarded as junior synonyms, and 25 are referred to as nomina dubia. The relationships of Autolytinae is assessed from 51 morphological characters and 211 states for 76 ingroup-taxa, and 460 molecular characters from mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA for 31 ingroup-taxa; outgroups include 12 non-autolytine syllid polychaetes. Two analyses are provided, one including morphological data only, and one with combined morphological and molecular data sets. The resulting strict consensus tree from the combined data is chosen for a reclassification. Three main clades are identified: Procerini trib. n., Autolytini Grube, 1850, and Epigamia gen. n. Proceraea Ehlers, 1864 and Myrianida Milne Edwards, 1845 are referred to as nomen protectum, while Scolopendra Slabber, 1781, Podonereis Blainville, 1818, Amytis Savigny, 1822, Polynice Savigny, 1822, and Nereisyllis Blainville, 1828 are considered

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A new riparian Mantidactylus (Brygoomantis) frog from the Tsaratanana and Manongarivo Massifs in northern Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4486 (4) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MIGUEL VENCES ◽

ANDREA HILDENBRAND ◽

KATHARINA M. WARMUTH ◽

FRANCO ANDREONE ◽

FRANK GLAW

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Test Case ◽

Nominal Species ◽

Type Specimens ◽

The Status ◽

Morphological Differences

The subgenus Brygoomantis in the Madagascar-endemic genus Mantidactylus contains 12 nominal species but is in urgent need of taxonomic revision as many additional, genetically divergent but undescribed candidate species have been identified. We here take a first step towards a better resolution of this group by describing a new species, Mantidactylus schulzi sp. nov., occurring at the Tsaratanana and Manongarivo Massifs, differentiated in genetic, bioacoustic and sometimes morphological characters from its closest relatives. We show that upon detailed study, most species in Brygoomantis can be delimited by concordant differentiation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and by bioacoustic and morphological differences. We flag this group of morphologically similar frogs as a test case where molecular data on historical type specimens by ancient DNA methods might be needed to reach a satisfying clarification of taxonomy and nomenclature. However, the status of the new species M. schulzi is not in doubt as it is morphologically distinct from most historical type specimens, and microendemic to a region in northern Madagascar from where no earlier names exist.

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DNA Barcoding: Mixed results for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1423.1.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1423 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON ◽

CHRISTIAN KEHLMAIER ◽

GUNILLA STÅHLS

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Data Set ◽

Taxonomic Decision ◽

Morphological Species

Sequence data from 658 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) were analysed for 28 described species of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in an effort to test the concept of DNA Barcoding on this family. Two recently revised but distantly related pipunculid lineages with presumed different evolutionary histories were used for the test (Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 and Nephrocerus Zetterstedt, 1838). An effort was made to test the concept using sister taxa and morphologically similar sibling species swarms in these two genera. Morphological species concepts for Clistoabdominalis taxa were either supported by cox1 data or found to be too broad. Most of the discordance could be accounted for after reassessing morphological characters. In these cases, the molecular data were invaluable in assisting taxonomic decision-making. The radiation of Nearctic species of Nephrocerus could not be diagnosed using cox1. The ability of cox1 to recover phylogenetic signal was also tested on Clistoabdominalis. Morphological data for Clistoabdominalis were combined with the molecular data set. The pipunculid phylogeny from molecular data closely resembles the published phylogeny based on morphology. Partitioned Bremer support is used to localize areas of conflict between the datasets.

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The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae: Culicini): a cautionary account of conflict and support

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-45032119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 269-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ian J. Kitching ◽

C. Lorna Culverwell ◽

Ralph E. Harbach

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Generic Status ◽

Strong Signal ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Data Support

Lutzia Theobald was reduced to a subgenus of Culex in 1932 and was treated as such until it was restored to its original generic status in 2003, based mainly on modifications of the larvae for predation. Previous phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular data have provided conflicting support for the generic status of Lutzia: analyses of morphological data support the generic status whereas analyses based on DNA sequences do not. Our previous phylogenetic analyses of Culicini (based on 169 morphological characters and 86 species representing the four genera and 26 subgenera of Culicini, most informal group taxa of subgenus Culex and five outgroup species from other tribes) seemed to indicate a conflict between adult and larval morphological data. Hence, we conducted a series of comparative and data exclusion analyses to determine whether the alternative positions of Lutzia are due to conflicting signal or to a lack of strong signal. We found that separate and combined analyses of adult and larval data support different patterns of relationships between Lutzia and other Culicini. However, the majority of conflicting clades are poorly supported and once these are removed from consideration, most of the topological disparity disappears, along with much of the resolution, suggesting that morphology alone does not have sufficiently strong signal to resolve the position of Lutzia. We critically examine the results of other phylogenetic studies of culicinine relationships and conclude that no morphological or molecular data set analysed in any study conducted to date has adequate signal to place Lutzia unequivocally with regard to other taxa in Culicini. Phylogenetic relationships observed thus far suggest that Lutzia is placed within Culex but further data and extended taxon sampling are required to confirm its position relative to Culex.

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Phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian centipede Henicops (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): A combined morphological and molecular approach

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631206788838590 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 241-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Donald Colgan ◽

Gregory Edgecombe ◽

Deirdre Sharkey

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Western Australia ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

Lord Howe Island ◽

Eastern Australia

AbstractThe lithobiomorph centipede Henicops is widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand, with five described species, as well as two species in New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ca. 800 aligned bases of sequence data from 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA were conducted on a dataset including multiple individuals of Henicops species from populations sampled from different parts of species' geographic ranges, together with the allied henicopines Lamyctes and Easonobius. Morphological characters are included in parsimony analyses. Molecular and combined datasets unite species from eastern Australia and New Zealand to the exclusion of species from Western Australia, New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island. The molecular data favour these two geographic groupings as clades, whereas inclusion of morphology resolves New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, southwest Western Australia and Queensland as successive sisters to southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The basal position of the Lord Howe Island species in the phylogeny favours a diversification of Australasian Henicops since the late Miocene unless the Lord Howe species originated in a biota that pre-dates the island. The molecular and combined data resolve the widespread morphospecies H. maculatus as paraphyletic, with its populations contributing to the geographic groupings New South Wales + New Zealand and Tasmania + Victoria.

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The ‘xenosmatoid’ group of Cortinarius (Agaricales) in New Zealand

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.438.4.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 438 (4) ◽

pp. 223-236

Author(s):

BÁLINT DIMA ◽

KARL SOOP

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Zealand ◽

Bayesian Inference ◽

Type Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Nrdna Its ◽

One New Species

Cortinarius section Xenosmatae, originally based on solely morphological characters, was subsequently shown to contain phylogenetically distantly related species. The type species C. xenosma is a singleton, and this study aims to revise the other members of the section using combined molecular (nrDNA ITS and LSU) and morphological data. Based on phylogenetic analyses using RAxML, PhyML and Bayesian Inference and additional morphological features one new species (C. paraxenosma) and one new section (sect. Olorinati) are proposed. Furthermore sect. Carbonelli is extended and emended to include two former members of sect. Xenosmatae. A key to the species in New Zealand with xenosmatoid morphology is provided.

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The greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, and its generic relationships within the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631201x00164 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 205-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John W.H. Trueman ◽

Rita Marullo ◽

Laurence A. Mound

Keyword(s):

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Pest Species ◽

Data Set ◽

Weak Support ◽

Heliothrips Haemorrhoidalis ◽

Generic Relationships

AbstractThe subfamily Panchaetothripinae, comprising 35 genera and 98 species, includes several pest species of which the most notorious is the greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. In an attempt to establish the sister-group of Heliothrips, the relationships of this genus to 31 of the other genera in the subfamily were examined cladistically, using 35 parsimony-informative morphological characters. The analysis indicated that there was no support for two of the three tribes into which this subfamily is customarily arranged, the Monilothripini and the Panchaetothripini, but weak support for the tribe Tryphactothripini. No clear sister-group relationship could be identified for the New World genus Heliothrips, although it grouped with three old world genera Australothrips, Retithrips and Rhipiphorothrips. It is concluded that a morphological data set is not capable of producing a robust phylogeny of the Panchaetothripinae, and that the subject requires re-examination using molecular data.

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Synonymization of the male-based ant genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with Leptanilla based upon Bayesian total-evidence phylogenetic inference

10.1101/2020.08.28.272799 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary H. Griebenow

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Inference ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Total Evidence ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Systematic Revision ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Evidence Framework ◽

Nuclear Loci

Abstract.Although molecular data have proven indispensable in confidently resolving the phylogeny of many clades across the tree of life, these data may be inaccessible for certain taxa. The resolution of taxonomy in the ant subfamily Leptanillinae is made problematic by the absence of DNA sequence data for leptanilline taxa that are known only from male specimens, including the monotypic genus Phaulomyrma Wheeler & Wheeler. Focusing upon the considerable diversity of undescribed male leptanilline morphospecies, the phylogeny of 35 putative morphospecies sampled from across the Leptanillinae, plus an outgroup, is inferred from 11 nuclear loci and 41 discrete male morphological characters using a Bayesian total-evidence framework, with Phaulomyrma represented by morphological data only. Based upon the results of this analysis Phaulomyrma is synonymized with Leptanilla Emery, and male-based diagnoses for Leptanilla that are grounded in phylogeny are provided, under both broad and narrow circumscriptions of that genus. This demonstrates the potential utility of a total-evidence approach in inferring the phylogeny of rare extant taxa for which molecular data are unavailable and begins a long-overdue systematic revision of the Leptanillinae that is focused on male material.

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Molecular and morphological data reveal three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleis(Mehely 1904) (Anura, Microhylidae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3005 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mauricio C. Forlani ◽

João F.R. Tonini ◽

Carlos A.G. Cruz ◽

Hussam Zaher ◽

Rafael O. de Sá

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Congeneric Species ◽

The Third ◽

Coloration Patterns

Three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleisfrom the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described. Two of these species occur in the northeastern states of Sergipe and Bahia, whereas the third species is found in the southeastern state of São Paulo. The new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the molecular data, as evidenced in the phylogeny, and by a combination of morphological characters including: size, foot webbing, dermal spines, and coloration patterns.Chiasmocleisspecies differ in osteological traits, therefore we also provide an osteological description of each new species and comparsions with data reported for other species in the genus.

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