scholarly journals Evolution of international carbon markets: lessons for the Paris Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Michaelowa ◽  
Igor Shishlov ◽  
Dario Brescia
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets

cop 25: Losing Sight of (Raising) Ambition

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Charlotte Streck ◽  
Moritz von Unger ◽  
Sandra Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Political Bargaining ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Carbon Economy

The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (cop-25) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc) became the longest cop on record – but yielded few results. It appears that four years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, enthusiasm has waned and political bargaining and bean-counting have taken over. Countries, for even the slightest chance to keep temperatures ‘well below’ 2 degrees Celsius, must do much more than they have previously committed to and accelerate the shift towards a zero-carbon economy. However, the conference largely failed to heed the rallying cry of the Chilean presidency. The flagship decisions (grouped under the banner “Chile-Madrid Time for Action”) neither produced new commitments – enhancing ambition or finance for developing countries – nor new rules that would nudge countries closer to the climate action targets needed. The leftover pieces from last year’s negotiations of the “Paris Rulebook” were also not resolved, in particular the unfinished decisions on Article 6 on market- and non-market mechanisms. The procrastination shows that the new architecture of the Paris Agreement, while addressing several of the shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol, suffers from its own weaknesses. The meager results of Madrid give reason to pause and reflect on the conditions that may hold countries back from fully embracing the Paris Agreement, but also to consider the future and nature of carbon markets and what is making the issue so difficult to resolve.

International climate summit ends in holding pattern

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
International Climate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Technical Rules

Subject The COP25 summit. Significance The annual UN climate conference (COP25) in Madrid concluded on December 15, after a record two-day extension, but with negotiations still deadlocked over the technical rules for carbon markets functioning under the Paris Agreement. Despite global protests, the emergence of Extinction Rebellion, and the rise to prominence of Greta Thunberg, discussions proceeded sluggishly over preparations for countries to update their national climate pledges at next year’s conference in Glasgow. Impacts The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement takes effect in November and will provide further space for laggards to slow progress. Australia’s short-term wildfire challenge will overshadow criticisms of its longer-term domestic and international climate policy. Saudi Arabia, the host of next year’s G20, will aim to deflect attention from fossil fuel issues towards biodiversity and plastic litter. New Zealand’s ‘Zero Carbon Act’ will become the global model for domestic climate legislation, replacing the UK Climate Change Act.

From Paris to Katowice: cop-24 Tackles the Paris Rulebook

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Charlotte Streck ◽  
Moritz von Unger ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Almost All

The adoption of the “Paris rulebook” at Katowice in late 2018 marks the most significant milestone in international climate policy making since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. Through a package of decisions, Parties to the Paris Agreement fulfilled almost all of the Paris mandate and moved towards the full implementation of the treaty. With the exception of the discussion on the future of carbon markets, negotiators managed to find common ground across negotiation items ranging from mitigation action to ensuring transparency and follow-up, including through “global stocktakes”, climate finance and technology transfer. Most obligations will apply to all countries, replacing the “bifurcation” of the Kyoto Protocol with a common set of rules for all Parties. Developing countries can make the case for additional time and assistance to comply with the full set of requirements. Several matters are left for future sessions – concerning, in particular, the harmonization of the timeframes of mitigation goals, markets and finance mobilization– and structural challenges – not least concerning the integration of non-state actors – remain. However, in building on accountability, trust, and compliance through facilitation, the new Paris rules may ultimately prove decidedly more robust and sustainable than those of the Kyoto Protocol.

The impacts of the Brazilian NDC and their contribution to the Paris agreement on climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo C. Gurgel ◽  
Sergey Paltsev ◽  
Gustavo Velloso Breviglieri
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Carbon Pricing

AbstractThis paper measures the economic impacts of Brazil's climate mitigation strategies contained in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). To do so, we employ the computable general equilibrium MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis model and simulate alternative carbon pricing scenarios (sectoral versus economy-wide carbon markets), set to achieve the country's overall emissions targets announced under the Paris Agreement. The results show relatively cheap emissions reductions from land-use changes and agriculture in the short run: the cost of the Brazilian NDC is predicted to be only 0.7 per cent of GDP in 2030. Further efforts to reduce carbon emissions beyond 2030 would require policy changes, since all the potential emissions reductions from deforestation would be finished and the capacity to expand renewable energy sources would be constrained. In this case, an economy-wide carbon pricing system would help substantially to avoid higher compliance costs.

scholarly journals Linked Carbon Markets: Silver Bullet, or Castle in the Air?

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørg Jevnaker ◽  
Jørgen Wettestad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Market ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
Political Feasibility ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Silver Bullet

Does the Paris Agreement provide a boost to carbon markets? Although carbon markets are spreading globally, so far relatively few links have been established between them. The history of linking indicates that successful efforts are characterized by converging ets design, and, related to this, political will. Moreover, existing links have been facilitated by prior economic and political ties. Such linking processes face significant challenges related to distribution of power and political feasibility. The Paris Agreement does not make the more intrinsic challenges of political linking go away. Moreover, a significant amount of elaboration and clarification of the Paris Agreement remains subject to further negotiations. Nevertheless, Paris confirmed an increasing support for carbon markets: the periodic reviews of state climate policies, shared fulfilment, and common guidance for accounting, together provide a new momentum for the development of carbon markets and the process of linking them. What this boost means for the prospects of a globally interlinked carbon market remains to be seen.

scholarly journals The Paris Agreement: Consequences for the EU and Carbon Markets?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steinar Andresen ◽  
Jon Birger Skjærseth ◽  
Torbjørg Jevnaker ◽  
Jørgen Wettestad
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Know How ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

Most observers argue that this agreement is a step in the right direction. However, we do not know how effective it will be in terms of reducing emissions. We therefore discuss its potential effectiveness regarding EU climate policies and carbon markets. We argue that the Paris Agreement may have a positive effect but uncertainties abound.

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