scholarly journals Linked Carbon Markets: Silver Bullet, or Castle in the Air?

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørg Jevnaker ◽  
Jørgen Wettestad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Market ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
Political Feasibility ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Silver Bullet

Does the Paris Agreement provide a boost to carbon markets? Although carbon markets are spreading globally, so far relatively few links have been established between them. The history of linking indicates that successful efforts are characterized by converging ets design, and, related to this, political will. Moreover, existing links have been facilitated by prior economic and political ties. Such linking processes face significant challenges related to distribution of power and political feasibility. The Paris Agreement does not make the more intrinsic challenges of political linking go away. Moreover, a significant amount of elaboration and clarification of the Paris Agreement remains subject to further negotiations. Nevertheless, Paris confirmed an increasing support for carbon markets: the periodic reviews of state climate policies, shared fulfilment, and common guidance for accounting, together provide a new momentum for the development of carbon markets and the process of linking them. What this boost means for the prospects of a globally interlinked carbon market remains to be seen.

Making international law, making carbon markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1037969X2110297
Author(s):  
Nicola Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
Law Making

This article presents an exploratory discussion of Antony Anghie’s history of the making of international law. It provides an accessible introduction to the text and some of the debates surrounding its key arguments. The article goes on to explore Anghie’s arguments in the context of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Anghie’s arguments are used to foreground the colonial encounter in carbon market systems, with implications for discussions of Article 6 at the upcoming 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow late in 2021.

scholarly journals The Paris Agreement: Consequences for the EU and Carbon Markets?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steinar Andresen ◽  
Jon Birger Skjærseth ◽  
Torbjørg Jevnaker ◽  
Jørgen Wettestad
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
Know How ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

Most observers argue that this agreement is a step in the right direction. However, we do not know how effective it will be in terms of reducing emissions. We therefore discuss its potential effectiveness regarding EU climate policies and carbon markets. We argue that the Paris Agreement may have a positive effect but uncertainties abound.

scholarly journals Designing a Blockchain Model for the Paris Agreement’s Carbon Market Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Franke ◽  
Marco Schletz ◽  
Søren Salomo
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Market Transparency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Climate Action

This paper examines the benefits and constraints of applying blockchain technology for the Paris Agreement carbon market mechanism and develops a list of technical requirements and soft factors as selection criteria to test the feasibility of two different blockchain platforms. The carbon market mechanism, as outlined in Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement, can accelerate climate action by enabling cooperation between national Parties. However, in the past, carbon markets were limited by several constraints. Our research investigates these constraints and translates them into selection criteria to design a blockchain platform to overcome these past limitations. The developed selection criteria and assumptions developed in this paper provide an orientation for blockchain assessments. Using the selection criteria, we examine the feasibility of two distinct blockchains, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric, for the specific use case of Article 6.2. These two blockchain systems represent contrary forms of design and governance; Ethereum constitutes a public and permissionless blockchain governance system, while Hyperledger Fabric represents a private and permissioned governance system. Our results show that both blockchain systems can address present carbon market constraints by enhancing market transparency, increasing process automation, and preventing double counting. The final selection and blockchain system implementation will first be possible, when the Article 6 negotiations are concluded, and governance preferences of national Parties are established. Our paper informs about the viability of different blockchain systems, offers insights into governance options, and provides a valuable framework for a concrete blockchain selection in the future.

Impacts of Paris Agreement on Russian economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Makarov ◽  
C. Henry ◽  
V. P. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Climate Policies

The paper applies multiregional CGE Economic Policy Projection and Analysis (EPPA) model to analyze major risks the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in 2015 brings to Russia. The authors come to the conclusion that if parties of the Agreement meet their targets that were set for 2030 it may lead to the decrease of average annual GDP growth rates by 0.2-0.3 p. p. Stricter climate policies beyond this year would bring GDP growth rates reduction in2035-2050 by additional 0.5 p. p. If Russia doesn’t ratify Paris Agreement, these losses may increase. In order to mitigate these risks, diversification of Russian economy is required.

(Utilization of International Carbon Market under the Paris Agreement)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Moon ◽  
Jione Jung ◽  
Jihei Song ◽  
Sung Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Market ◽  
Paris Agreement

scholarly journals Linking Heterogeneous Climate Policies (Consistent with the Paris Agreement)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Mehling ◽  
Gilbert E. Metcalf ◽  
Robert N. Stavins
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Policies

scholarly journals Evolucija fiskalnoga suvereniteta u Engleskoj

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Miran Marelja ◽  
Valentino Kuzelj
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution Of Power

History of parliamentary development is narrowly tied to the development of fiscal prerogatives of the legislature. This is especially pronounced in the origins and development of the English Parliament. Moreover, we can ascertain that the fight of “medieval taxpayers”, i.e. those partaking in the distribution of power in medieval feudal structures, foreshadows the very foundation of the English Parliament and its precursors – the “assemblies of King’s servants”. In that sense, medieval England’s earliest constitutional documents espouse mechanisms limiting Crown’s autocracy. Later on, the invocation of Parliament’s fiscal prerogatives represented the most efficient form of subverting such absolutism, especially regarding the absolutist tendencies of the Stuarts. Upon establishment of Parliament’s supremacy over the Crown, the Victorian era was marked by the struggle between two houses of Parliament, culminating in early 20th century anent the issue of the Lords’ rejection of the budget bill. Parliament Act of 1911 marks the end of a centuries-long development of Parliament’s fiscal sovereignty, affirming the prerogatives of the House of Commons as the holders of democratic electoral legitimacy.

scholarly journals Is Green Recovery Enough? Analysing the Impacts of Post-COVID-19 Economic Packages

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5567
Author(s):  
Pedro R. R. Rochedo ◽  
Panagiotis Fragkos ◽  
Rafael Garaffa ◽  
Lilia Caiado Couto ◽  
Luiz Bernardo Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
Societal Changes

Emissions pathways after COVID-19 will be shaped by how governments’ economic responses translate into infrastructure expansion, energy use, investment planning and societal changes. As a response to the COVID-19 crisis, most governments worldwide launched recovery packages aiming to boost their economies, support employment and enhance their competitiveness. Climate action is pledged to be embedded in most of these packages, but with sharp differences across countries. This paper provides novel evidence on the energy system and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions implications of post-COVID-19 recovery packages by assessing the gap between pledged recovery packages and the actual investment needs of the energy transition to reach the Paris Agreement goals. Using two well-established Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and analysing various scenarios combining recovery packages and climate policies, we conclude that currently planned recovery from COVID-19 is not enough to enhance societal responses to climate urgency and that it should be significantly upscaled and prolonged to ensure compatibility with the Paris Agreement goals.

Factions in medieval Egypt

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Medieval Egypt

“If all you have to tell us is that one barbarian succeeded another barbarian on the banks of the Oxus or Jaxartes, what benefit have you conferred on the public?” Voltaire's question is an awkward one for anyone investigating the transmission and distribution of power in the XVth century Circassian Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria. Even so the question of factionalism and its role in succession crises and other crises in the history of the Islamic lands has to be tackled, for surely the prevalence of factions in the Near East and our lack of understanding of them does add a certain patina of dullness to much of Islamic history. Faction succeeds to faction as “Amurath to Amurath”, and though Macaulay could find the history of England and its latter part, the struggle of Whig and Tory, to be “emphatically the history of progress”, few people have felt similarly confident about the struggle of Ẓāhirī and Manṣūrī factions in medieval Egypt. It is hard to understand past events without imposing a pattern, and at the political level the gyrations of Egyptian factions do not lend themselves easily to the imposition of pattern.

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