scholarly journals The Sun, Climate Change and the Expansion of the Scythian Culture After 850 BC

2004 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. van Geel ◽  
N. A. Bokovenko ◽  
N. D. Burova ◽  
K. V. Chugunov ◽  
V. A. Dergachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Sun

Solar Signals in Surface Climate

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna D. Haigh ◽  
Peter Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Established Technique

This chapter looks at how the Sun varies in terms of its emissions of radiation and particles and how these changes might be associated with variations in weather and climate on Earth. Investigations of climate variability and climate change depend crucially on the existence, length, and quality of meteorological records. Ideally, records would consist of long time series of measurements made by well-calibrated instruments densely situated across the globe. For longer periods, and in remote regions, records have to be reconstructed from indirect indicators of climate known as proxy data. The chapter introduces one well-established technique for providing proxy climate data: dendrochronology, or the study of the successive annual growth rings of trees.

Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna D. Haigh ◽  
Peter Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the key features of the structure of the Sun, its magnetic field, atmosphere, and its emission of radiation and particles. A comprehension of how the sun affects the Earth is a fundamental requirement for understanding how climate has varied in the past and how it might change in the future. This is particularly important in the context of determining the cause(s) of climate change and understanding natural factors in order to be able to attribute to human activity any past or potential future influence on a range of timescales.

The Atmosphere: A Very Short Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul I. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Parts

The atmosphere is the thin, diffuse fluid that envelops the Earth’s surface. Despite its apparent fragility, the existence of this fluid is vital for human and other life on Earth. The Atmosphere: A Very Short Introduction describes the physical and chemical characteristics of different layers in the atmosphere, and shows how the atmosphere’s interactions with land, ocean, and ice affect these properties. It also looks at how movement in the atmosphere, driven by heat from the Sun, transports heat from lower latitudes to higher latitudes. Finally, it presents an overview of the types of measurements used to understand different parts of the atmosphere, and identifies future challenges in the light of climate change.

Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2086) ◽  
pp. 2447-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lockwood ◽  
Claus Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Solar Influence ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract There is considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century. Here we show that over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures.

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