weather and climate
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Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Philippe Quevauviller

The increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather and climate events (e.g., floods, heat and cold waves, storms, forest fires) resulting from climate change-compounded vulnerabilities and exposure require a specific research focus. Climate-related extreme events are part of disaster risk reduction policies ruled at international, EU, and national levels, covering various sectors and features such as awareness-raising, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, monitoring and detection, response, and recovery. A wide range of research and technological developments, as well as capacity-building and training projects, has supported the development and implementation of these policies and strategies. In particular, research and innovation actions support the paradigm shift from managing “disasters” to managing “risks” and enhancing resilience needs. In this respect, a huge body of knowledge and technology has been developed in the EU-funded Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013) and Horizon 2020 (2014–2020), for example in the area of measures and technologies needed to enhance the response capacity to extreme weather and climate events affecting the security of people and assets. In addition, networking initiatives have been developed to connect scientists, policy-makers, practitioners, and industry and civil society representatives in order to boost research uptake, identify gaps, and elaborate research programs at EU level. Research and networking efforts are pursued within the newly starting framework program Horizon Europe (2021–2027), with a focus on supporting civil protection operations. This paper provides a general overview of relevant EU policies and examples of past and developing research in the area of weather and climate extreme events and highlights current networking efforts in this area.


Abstract For the newly implemented Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12), a 31-year (1989-2019) ensemble reforecast dataset has been generated at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The reforecast system is based on NCEP’s Global Forecast System version 15.1 and GEFSv12, which uses the Finite Volume 3 dynamical core. The resolution of the forecast system is ∼25 km with 64 vertical hybrid levels. The Climate Forecast System (CFS) reanalysis and GEFSv12 reanalysis serve as initial conditions for the Phase 1 (1989–1999) and Phase 2 (2000–2019) reforecasts, respectively. The perturbations were produced using breeding vectors and ensemble transforms with a rescaling technique for Phase 1 and ensemble Kalman filter 6-h forecasts for Phase 2. The reforecasts were initialized at 0000 (0300) UTC once per day out to 16 days with 5 ensemble members for Phase 1 (Phase 2), except on Wednesdays when the integrations were extended to 35 days with 11 members. The reforecast data set was produced on NOAA’s Weather and Climate Operational Supercomputing System at NCEP. This study summarizes the configuration and dataset of the GEFSv12 reforecast and presents some preliminary evaluations of 500hPa geopotential height, tropical storm track, precipitation, 2-meter temperature, and MJO forecasts. The results were also compared with GEFSv10 or GEFS Subseasonal Experiment reforecasts. In addition to supporting calibration and validation for the National Water Center, NCEP Climate Prediction Center, and other National Weather Service stakeholders, this high-resolution subseasonal dataset also serves as a useful tool for the broader research community in different applications.


2022 ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Claudia Ross ◽  
Baozhang He ◽  
Pei-Chia Chen ◽  
Meng Yeh

Author(s):  
Paola Mazzoglio ◽  
Emanuele Danovaro ◽  
Laurent Ganne ◽  
Andrea Parodi ◽  
Stephan Hachinger ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 103309
Author(s):  
Brian Chiputwa ◽  
Genowefa Blundo-Canto ◽  
Peter Steward ◽  
Nadine Andrieu ◽  
Ousmane Ndiaye

2022 ◽  
pp. 975-989
Author(s):  
Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan ◽  
Kholoud Kahime ◽  
Mehdi Ait Laaradia ◽  
Btissam Bouimeja ◽  
Fadoua Aabadi ◽  
...  

Every year, more than 1 million cases of scorpion envenomation are reported worldwide. Scorpions are thermophilic organisms. They are sensitive to weather and climate conditions, in such a way the ongoing trends of increasing temperature and more variable weather could lead to scorpionism spreading. There has been considerable debate as to whether global envenomation will be impacted by climate change which has focused on snake and spider envenomation risk. This debate didn't give enough interest to scorpion stings and its burden risks, in spite their widespread potential effects in many regions. Here, the authors review how climate and climate change may impact scorpion activity as well as scorpion envenomation. They contrast ecological and behavioral characteristics of these arthropods, and how weather, climate, climate change, and socioeconomic factors may have very different impacts on the spatiotemporal occurrence and abundance of scorpions, and the resulting scorpion envenomation.


Author(s):  
William D Fahy ◽  
Elena C Maters ◽  
Rona Giese-Miranda ◽  
Michael P Adams ◽  
Leif G Jahn ◽  
...  

Volcanic ash nucleates ice when immersed in supercooled water droplets, giving it the potential to influence weather and climate from local to global scales. This ice nucleation activity (INA) is...


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