Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna D. Haigh ◽  
Peter Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the key features of the structure of the Sun, its magnetic field, atmosphere, and its emission of radiation and particles. A comprehension of how the sun affects the Earth is a fundamental requirement for understanding how climate has varied in the past and how it might change in the future. This is particularly important in the context of determining the cause(s) of climate change and understanding natural factors in order to be able to attribute to human activity any past or potential future influence on a range of timescales.

Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2086) ◽  
pp. 2447-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lockwood ◽  
Claus Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Solar Influence ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract There is considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century. Here we show that over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and human activity on the runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Zhongsheng Chen ◽  
Benfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Increasing Trend

Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2009, this paper analyzed the change in runoff and its related climatic factors, and estimated the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff change by using the moving T test, cumulative analysis of anomalies and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and potential evaporation capacity decreased significantly, while precipitation increased insignificantly in the past recent 50 years. Although there were three mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002 respectively, runoff presented a slight decreasing trend in the whole period. The contributions of climate change and human activity to runoff change during the period of 1976-2009 were 45% and 55% respectively.

The Sun

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna D. Haigh ◽  
Peter Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetic Field

This chapter discusses how there are four general factors that contribute to the Sun's potential role in variations in the Earth's climate. First, the fusion processes in the solar core determine the solar luminosity and hence the base level of radiation impinging on the Earth. Second, the presence of the solar magnetic field leads to radiation at ultraviolet (UV), extreme ultraviolet (EUV), and X-ray wavelengths which can affect certain layers of the atmosphere. Third, the variability of the magnetic field over a 22-year cycle leads to significant changes in the radiative output at some wavelengths. Finally, the interplanetary manifestation of the outer solar atmosphere (the solar wind) interacts with the terrestrial magnetic field, leading to effects commonly called space weather.

Ethics and politics in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Ethics And Politics

The most fundamental challenge facing humans today is the imminent destruction of the life-generating and life-sustaining ecosystems that constitute the planet Earth. There is considerable evidence that the strongest contemporary ecological threat is anthropogenic climate change resulting from the increasing warming of the atmosphere, caused by cumulative CO2 and other emissions as a result of collective human activity over the past few 100 years. This process of climate change is reinforced by further ecological problems such as pollution of land, air and sea, depletion of resources, land degradation and the loss of biodiversity. The name gaining currency for this emerging epoch of instability in the Earth’s eco-systems is the Anthropocene. Anthropogenic climate change calls for a categorical shift in thinking about the place of humanity in these systems and requires fundamental rethinking of ethics and politics. What would an appropriate ethical frame for politics in the Anthropocene look like? In response to this question, I sketch a proposal for an ethically non-anthropocentric ethics. I draw on early Frankfurt School Critical Theorists, and on Habermas, but move beyond these theorists in key respects.

scholarly journals Fragile States Index Considering Climate Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Geng-Jian Zhou ◽  
Qiao-Xu Qin ◽  
Wei-Zhou Lin ◽  
Yuan-Biao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few decades, the Earth’s climate has undergone conspicuous changes, some of which have a profound impact on social and governmental systems. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model for measuring national fragile and the impact of climate change on a country. For this purpose, we first define the Fragile States Index (FSI) to measure the fragility of a country based on population, crime rate and education, which are the three aspects that most countries or regions will focus on. Second, we use the FSI to illustrate how climate change affects the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Third, we analyze the definitive indicators of Indonesia and predict the changes of FSI. Finally, the effects of each intervention policy were obtained by analyzing Indonesia’s intervention policy on environmental change. To provide ideas for intervention on climate change.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Climate Change in Organization and HR-Related Literature: A Conceptual Brief Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Organizational Literature

Abstract Climate change has become one of the main challenges facing humanity. Over the past decade, this phenomenon, which may have been caused by natural variability and/or human activity, has attracted many scholars from different scientific disciplines to warn of its potential consequences. The author of this paper has decided to address the existence of this important phenomenon in organizational literature. However, upon exploring different academic databases, the rarity of research focusing on climate change and its relationship and/or effect on HR or organizational aspects became obvious. Accordingly, the author recommends other HR and organizational scholars devote considerable space to this phenomenon in their field.

scholarly journals Impacts of human activity and climate change on the distribution of snub-nosed monkeys in China during the past 2000 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xumao Zhao ◽  
Baoping Ren ◽  
Paul A. Garber ◽  
Xinhai Li ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Impacts Of Human Activity

Global climate changes during the most recent two millennia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Eggleston ◽  
Oliver Bothe ◽  
Nerilie Abram ◽  
Bronwen Konecky ◽  
Hans Linderholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Earth’S Climate

<p>The past two thousand years is a key interval for climate science because this period encompasses both the era of human-induced global warming and a much longer interval when changes in Earth's climate were governed principally by natural drivers. This earlier 'pre-industrial' period is particularly important for two reasons. Firstly, we now have a growing number of well-dated, climate sensitive proxy data with high temporal resolution that spans the full period. Secondly, the pre-industrial climate provides context for present-day climate change, sets real-world targets against which to evaluate the performance of climate models, and allows us to address other questions of Earth sciences that cannot be answered using only a century and a half of observational data. </p><p>Here, we first provide several perspectives on the concept of a 'pre-industrial climate'. Then, we highlight the activities of the PAGES 2k Network, an international collaborative effort focused on global climate change during the past two thousand years. We highlight those aspects of pre-industrial conditions (including both past climate changes and past climate drivers) that are not yet well constrained, and suggest potential areas for research during this period that would be relevant to the evolution of Earth's future climate.</p>

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