FROM GLOBAL WARMING TO WATER SCARCITY: WHAT ARE THE MOST URGENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE REGION. Report of the Discussion Group on Environmental Security

Author(s):  
A. MOREL ◽  
B. MOREL
2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850005
Author(s):  
Teruaki Ohnishi ◽  
Keiji Shimano

We studied the relevance of the secular variation of Japanese interest in energy and environmental problems to the information primarily released by the news media. From the investigation of the extent of public interest in three matters, the global warming, the energy saving and nature, all indicated by opinion surveys, the number of newspaper articles and the frequency of Internet retrieval search, we proposed a model such that the public interest along with the acquired public knowledge were given as a function of public memory of the information primarily provided by the news media. The society was assumed here to be immersed in a virtual field of information environment, which induced the collective interest of the public and was proportional in strength to the extent of the public memory with oblivion. Introducing two types of oblivion function, we found the model to well reproduce the real time-variation of the Japanese interest, except for the case of nature, almost irrespective to the form of the function. Some comments were made on the attenuation of the public interest that occurred when the field became weakened.


Author(s):  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Virender Singh ◽  
Manvesh Kumar Sihag ◽  
Sunita Jain ◽  
Rajinder Kumar Jain

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaau2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Song Feng ◽  
Mikhail A. Semenov ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Kurt Christian Kersebaum ◽  
...  

Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of severe water scarcity (SWS) events, which negatively affect rain-fed crops such as wheat, a key source of calories and protein for humans. Here, we develop a method to simultaneously quantify SWS over the world’s entire wheat-growing area and calculate the probabilities of multiple/sequential SWS events for baseline and future climates. Our projections show that, without climate change mitigation (representative concentration pathway 8.5), up to 60% of the current wheat-growing area will face simultaneous SWS events by the end of this century, compared to 15% today. Climate change stabilization in line with the Paris Agreement would substantially reduce the negative effects, but they would still double between 2041 and 2070 compared to current conditions. Future assessments of production shocks in food security should explicitly include the risk of severe, prolonged, and near-simultaneous droughts across key world wheat-producing areas.


Subject Reform of water-use rights. Significance Controversy over a bill to reform water-use rights, approved by the Chamber of Deputies on November 22 and now before the Senate, is partly ideological. However, it also reflects growing pressure on water resources and the prospect that, due to global warming as well as Chile’s economic development, this pressure will continue to mount. Impacts Given water scarcity in northern Chile, the mining industry will increasingly turn to seawater desalination. The introduction of fines for non-use of water rights in 2005 has not led to divestment of rights on the expected scale. Both sides in the debate allege that the proposed reform is ideological rather than technical in nature.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 5239-5247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Kathiravan ◽  
Bohr-Ran Huang ◽  
Adhimoorthy Saravanan

Due to environmental problems such as global warming and ozone depletion, it is essential to detect harmful UV rays from sunlight and to commercialize a clean energy source (H2), and both issues require a reliable sensor.


Author(s):  
Arda Özkan

The Black Sea is a significant basin where transboundary environmental damage activities take place. The environmental problems in the Black Sea are not only on the agenda of six Black Sea littorals, but also the states in the wider Black Sea basin. The large scales of strategic, economical and political problems in the region require entrepreneurship and co operations of the other states on the same platform. This study has two main environmental security dimensions: One of them is identifying the damages and opponents; the other one is the security problem in transboundary environment and the responsibilities of the Black Sea states. In this regard, this study aims to initiate a conversation in precautions against transboundary environmental damages considering the current security risks.


1970 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Randa Abul-Husn

A decade ago, nobody really worried about the environment, except for a few concerned environmentalists. Their repeated warnings against global warming, the various forms of pollution, the slow extinctions of rare species, health hazards and other environmental problems went without much notice. Global awareness rose only when the danger became real and the consequences were tangibly felt.


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