The Relationship Between Urban Leaf Area and Summertime Household Energy Usage

2005 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ryan R. Jensen ◽  
James R. Boulton ◽  
Bruce T. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Improvement Effect of Green Remodeling and Building Value Assessment Criteria for Aging Public Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Yong-Joon Jun ◽  
Seung-ho Ahn ◽  
Kyung-Soon Park
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Usage Data

The Green Remodeling Project under South Korea’s Green New Deal policy is a government-led project intended to strengthen the performance sector directly correlated with energy performance among various elements of improvement applicable to building remodeling by replacing insulation materials, introducing new and renewable energy, introducing high-efficiency equipment, etc., with public buildings taking the lead in green remodeling in order to induce energy efficiency enhancement in private buildings. However, there is an ongoing policy that involves the application of a fragmentary value judgment criterion, i.e., whether to apply technical elements confined to the enhancement of the energy performance of target buildings and the prediction of improvement effects according thereto, thus resulting in the phenomenon of another important value criterion for green remodeling, i.e., the enhancement of the occupant (user) comfort performance of target buildings as one of its purposes, being neglected instead. In order to accurately grasp the current status of these problems and to promote ‘expansion of the value judgment criteria for green remodeling’ as an alternative, this study collected energy usage data of buildings actually used by public institutions and then conducted a total analysis. After that, the characteristics of energy usage were analyzed for each of the groups of buildings classified by year of completion, thereby carrying out an analysis of the correlation between the non-architectural elements affecting the actual energy usage and the actual energy usage data. The correlation between the improvement performance of each technical element and the actual improvement effect was also analyzed, thereby ascertaining the relationship between the direction of major policy strategies and the actual energy usage. As a result of the relationship analysis, it was confirmed that the actual energy usage is more affected by the operating conditions of the relevant building than the application of individual strategic elements such as the performance of the envelope insulation and the performance of the high-efficiency system. In addition, it was also confirmed that the usage of public buildings does not increase in proportion to their aging. The primary goal of reducing energy usage in target buildings can be achieved if public sector (government)-led green remodeling is pushed ahead with in accordance with biased value judgment criteria, just as in the case of a campaign to refrain from operating cooling facilities in aging public buildings. However, it was possible to grasp through the progress of this study that the remodeling may also result in the deterioration of environmental comfort and stability, such as the numerical value of the indoor thermal environment. The results of this study have the significance of providing basic data for pushing ahead with a green remodeling policy in which the value judgment criteria for aging existing public buildings are more expanded, and it is necessary to continue research in such a direction that the quantitative purpose of green remodeling, which is to reduce energy usage in aging public buildings, and its qualitative purpose, which is to enhance their environmental performance for occupants’ comfort, can be mutually balanced and secured at the same time.

On the relationship of NDVI with leaf area index in a deciduous forest site

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Wang ◽  
Samuel Adiku ◽  
John Tenhunen ◽  
André Granier
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Determination of leaf area coefficient in sunflower.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
A.S.R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Relationship

For studies on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and yield components in sunflower a method for estimating leaf area was required. To this end use of the leaf area coefficient (LAC), i.e. the quotient area/(length X max. width), was evaluated. It was found that LAC may be a function of leaf position and plant density, depending on the cv. concerned. For the Russian cv. Armavirec, LAC was independent of leaf position and plant density. For the Rumanian hybrid HS 18, LAC was dependent on leaf position but not plant density. For the French hybrid INRA 4701, LAC depended on both leaf position and plant density, but even in this case, it was concluded that LAC can be a useful aid in leaf area estimation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Influence de la charge sur la production et la croissance de la vigne (c.v. Merlot)

OENO One ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
M. Nikov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Parabolic Curve ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
The Relationship

<p style="text-align: justify;">L'étude est menée avec le cépage Merlot conduit en forme haute et à une distance de 3,40 x 1,20 m. Les vignes supportent des charges individuelles de 26, 32, 38 ... jusqu'à 62 bourgeons par cep. La relation entre le nombre d'yeux et le rendement par souche se caractérise par une courbe parabolique avec un maximum autour de 50 bourgeons par cep. L'augmentation de charge au-delà de l'optimum exerce une influence inhibitrice sur la croissance des rameaux individuels depuis la première année. Le rapport entre la surface foliaire et la production représente un facteur essentiel pour la qualité du raisin.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The study involves Merlot variety trained with an high trunk and a 3,40 x 1,20 m spacing. The vines support individual pruning levels of 26, 32, 38 ... up to 62 buds/vine. The relationship between bud number and yield per vine is characterized by a parabolic curve with a maximum around 50 buds/vine. The increase in pruning level beyond the optimum induces an inhibitory effect on single shoot growth since the first year. The leaf area : yield ratio represents a primary factor of grape quality.</p>

scholarly journals Does insect herbivory suppress ecosystem productivity? Evidence from a temperate woodland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Visakorpi ◽  
Sofia Gripenberg ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
Terhi Riutta
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Leaf Area Loss ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur current understanding of the relationship between insect herbivory and ecosystem productivity is limited. Previous studies have typically quantified only leaf area loss, or have been conducted during outbreak years. These set-ups often ignore the physiological changes taking place in the remaining plant tissue after insect attack, or may not represent typical, non-outbreak herbivore densities. Here, we estimate the amount of carbon lost to insect herbivory in a temperate deciduous woodland both through leaf area loss and, notably, through changes in leaf gas exchange in non-consumed leaves under non-outbreak densities of insects. We calculate how net primary productivity changes with decreasing and increasing levels of herbivory, and estimate what proportion of the carbon involved in the leaf area loss is transferred further in the food web. We estimate that the net primary productivity of an oak stand under ambient levels of herbivory is 54 - 69% lower than that of a completely intact stand. The effect of herbivory quantified only as leaf area loss (0.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) is considerably smaller than when the effects of herbivory on leaf physiology are included (8.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). We propose that the effect of herbivory on primary productivity is non-linear and mainly determined by changes in leaf gas exchange. We call for replicated studies in other systems to validate the relationship between insect herbivory and ecosystem productivity described here.

Effect of Interspecific Interference, Light Intensity, and Soil Moisture on Soybean (Glycine max), Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Water Uptake

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Jones ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine the effects of interspecific root and canopy interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on water uptake and biomass of soybean, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Canopy interference and canopy plus root interference of soybean with common cocklebur increased soybean water uptake per plant and per unit leaf area. Root interference with soybean decreased common cocklebur water uptake per plant. Canopy interference of soybean with sicklepod increased soybean water uptake per unit leaf area, while root interference decreased uptake per plant. Combined root and canopy interference with soybean decreased water uptake per plant for sicklepod. Soybean leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root interference with both weeds. Common cocklebur and sicklepod leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root and canopy interference with soybeans. Only common cocklebur root weight decreased when canopies interfered and roots did not. The relationship between light intensity and water uptake per unit leaf area was linear in both years with water uptake proportional to light intensity. In 1991 water uptake response to tight was greater for common cocklebur than for sicklepod. The relationship between soil moisture level and water uptake was logarithmic. Common cocklebur water uptake was two times that of soybean or sicklepod at −2 kPa of pressure potential. In 1991 common cocklebur water uptake decreased at a greater rate than soybean or sicklepod in response to pressure potential changes from −2 to −100 kPa.

Relationship between sugar maple budburst phenology and pear thrips damage

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Kolb ◽  
D. A. J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area Reduction ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Budburst Phenology

The relationship between budburst phenology and damage by the pear thrips (Taeniothripsinconsequens (Uzel) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)) to sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) foliage was investigated in two studies. In the first study, seedlings in cages were exposed to adult thrips at different stages of budburst. Compared with uninfested control seedlings, introduction of five adult thrips per bud reduced total leaf area and average leaf size, and caused chlorosis, tattering, and cupping of leaves. Leaf area reduction and damage symptoms were greater for seedlings exposed to thrips when leaf margins were first visible at the tip of the bud compared with earlier and later stages of budburst. In the second study, budburst date and number of thrips oviposition sites on leaves (an index of thrips activity) were measured in a common-garden test of maple saplings from open-pollinated families. Thrips activity was greater on early-breaking than late-breaking buds. Date of opening for these early-breaking buds coincided closely with peak capture of flying thrips. Both budburst date and number of oviposition sites on leaves differed among families. Sugar maple genotypes with late budburst escaped heavy thrips damage. The results indicate that timing of vegetative budburst in sugar maple can influence the degree of thrips damage.

scholarly journals Influence of Leaf Wetness Duration and Temperature on Infection of Grape Leaves by Elsinoë ampelina under Controlled and Vineyard Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2817-2822
Author(s):  
Odile Carisse ◽  
Audrey Levasseur ◽  
Caroline Provost
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Leaf Wetness Duration ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Richards Model ◽  
Elsinoe Ampelina ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
The Relationship

On susceptible varieties, indirect damage to vines infected by Elsinoë ampelina range from reduced vigor to complete defoliation while, on berries, damage ranges from reduced quality to complete yield loss. Limited knowledge about the relationship between weather conditions and infection makes anthracnose management difficult and favors routine application of fungicides. The influence of leaf wetness duration and temperature on infection of grape leaves by E. ampelina was studied under both controlled and vineyard conditions. For the controlled conditions experiments, the five youngest leaves of potted vines (Vidal) were inoculated with a conidia suspension and exposed to combinations of six leaf wetness durations (from 0 to 24 h) and six constant temperatures (from 5 to 30°C). A week after each preset infection period, the percent leaf area diseased (PLAD) was assessed. At 5°C, regardless of the leaf wetness duration, no disease developed. At 10 and at 15 to 30°C, the minimum leaf wetness durations were 4 and 6 h, respectively. Above the minimum wetness duration, at temperatures from 10 to 30°C, PLAD increased linearly, with increasing leaf wetness up to 12 h, and then at a lower rate from 12 to 24 h. The optimal temperature for infection was 25°C. Relative infection was modeled as a function of both temperature and wetness duration using a Richards model (R2 = 0.93). The predictive capacity of the model was evaluated with data collected in experimental vineyard plots exposed to natural wetness durations or artificial wetness durations created using sprinklers. In total, 264 vineyard infection events were used to validate the controlled experiments model. There was a linear relationship between the risk of infection estimated with the model and the observed severity of anthracnose (R2 = 90); however, the model underestimated disease severity. A risk chart was constructed using the model corrected for vineyard observations and three levels of risk, with light, moderate, and severe risks corresponding to ≤5, >5% to ≤25, and >25% leaf area diseased, respectively. Overall, 93.9% of 132 independent observations were correctly classified, with 100, 29.4, and 9.4% of the light, moderate, and severe risks, respectively.

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