Agents Advanced Features for Negotiation in Electronic Commerce and Virtual Organisations Formation Process

Business Interactions in a Virtual Organisations

The Social and Cognitive Impacts of e-Commerce on Modern Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-249-7.ch007 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 136-164

Author(s):

Karin Axelsson

Keyword(s):

Electronic Commerce ◽

Action Theory ◽

Virtual Organisations ◽

The Other ◽

Phase Model ◽

Business Networks ◽

Other Hand ◽

Virtual Organisation

This chapter focuses upon the complexity of inter-organisational systems (IOS)—on one hand enabling organisations to become successful actors conducting electronic commerce, and on the other hand being organisationally very complex and demanding to develop, implement, and use, since several organisations with differing objectives are involved. The chapter proposes a model to analyse business interaction, the business action theory (BAT) phase model. The aim of the chapter is to show how BAT can increase the understanding of business interaction conducted in complex inter-organisational contexts, such as business networks and virtual organisations. In order to achieve this purpose the BAT phase model is applied on a virtual organisation. The model visualises and gives structure to the business interaction within this network of organisations. Understanding of such business interaction is important when developing and implementing IOS, since (part of) the business interaction will be conducted through the IOS.

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Formation process of periodic non-conservative antiphase boundary structure in L-Pd5Ce

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100173947 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 162-163

Author(s):

Masaru Itakura ◽

Noriyuki Kuwano ◽

Kensuke Oki

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Domain Size ◽

Antiphase Boundary ◽

Boundary Structure ◽

Temperature Phase ◽

Arc Melting ◽

Iced Water ◽

Antiphase Domains ◽

Low Temperature Phase ◽

Degree Of Order

The low temperature phase of Pd5Ce (L-Pd5Ce) has a one-dimensional long period superstructure (1D-LPS) derived from Ll2. The periodic antiphase boundaries (APBs) are parallel to (110) planes and have a shift vector of 1/2[110]. Hereafter, the indices are referred to the basic lattices of Ll2 As insertion of the APB causes a change in composition, such an APB is called “non-conservative”. Then, a domain size M depends upon the Ce concentration in the alloy. It was found that M increases also with temperature. The temperature dependency of M is attributed to a change of the degree of order within the antiphase domains. In this work, morphology of the non-conservative APBs is observed to clarify the formation process of the 1D-LPS.The alloy of Pd-16.7 at%Ce was prepared by arc melting in argon atmosphere. Disc specimens made from the alloy ingot were first held at 985 K for 260 ks and quenched in iced water to obtain the state of M=∞ or Ll2, followed by annealing for various lengths of time. The annealing temperature was 873 K where the equilibrium value for M is about 3 in unit of (110) lattice spacing of Ll2. Observation was carried out using microscopes JEM-2000FX, JEM-4000EX (HVEM Lab., Kyushu Univ.) and JEM-2000EX (Dept. of Mater. Sci. Tech., Kyushu Univ.).

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