Incidents That Hinder the Alliance-Formation Process in Counselor Trainees

AbstractThough scholars widely claim that issue linkage—the simultaneous negotiation of multiple issues for joint settlement—can help states conclude international agreements, there exist some notable skeptics. Resolving this debate requires empirical evidence. However, beyond a few case studies, there exists no direct and systematic evidence that issue linkages actually increase the probability of agreement. I address this lack of direct and systematic evidence by combing original data on failed alliance negotiations with data from the Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) database. Using matching techniques, I find that, for alliance negotiations between 1860 to 1945, offers of trade linkage did substantially increase the probability of agreement. Besides confirming issue linkage's ability to help clinch an agreement, this article's research design and evidence have far-reaching implications for the study of negotiations and alliances. The research design illustrates the value of considering the “dogs that didn't bark” as it identifies both successful and failed negotiations. The article's evidence explains the high rate of alliance compliance identified by previous scholars and highlights a need to rethink the alliance formation process.

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Country-governance quality and signals in the alliance formation process: a meta-analytic approach

International Journal of Business Environment ◽

10.1504/ijbe.2022.120337 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Oliver Rossmannek ◽

Felix Bosch ◽

Katharina Fink

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Alliance Formation ◽

Governance Quality

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A substitute for poor institutions? Interorganizational affiliations in the alliance formation process

Management Research Review ◽

10.1108/mrr-01-2021-0051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Oliver Rossmannek ◽

Olaf N. Rank

Keyword(s):

Strategic Alliances ◽

Formation Process ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Developed Countries ◽

State Ownership ◽

Less Developed Countries ◽

Alliance Formation ◽

Content Type ◽

The Government ◽

Alliance Partners

Purpose This study aims to investigate how the home country institutional development influences the alliance formation process. Design/methodology/approach A network of strategic alliances between 95 airlines over a 5-year period is analyzed with stochastic actor-oriented models [i.e. Simulation investigation for empirical network analysis (SIENA)]. Robustness analyses use a subsample of these airlines over a period of 10 years. Findings The results demonstrate that the membership in a firm group and a high share of state ownership are more beneficial for the number of alliances if the firm originates from a country with low institutional development. Practical implications Firms from less developed countries can use affiliations (e.g. to firm groups or the government) as signals to attract international alliance partners. Social implications Policymakers from less developed countries should support the development of (local) firm groups to stimulate interorganizational cooperation. Originality/value Firms form alliances based on two aspects: preferences for alliance partners and attractiveness to potential partners. Prior studies outlined that institutional development affects the preferences of firms for alliance partners. This study demonstrates how the institutional development influences the attractiveness to potential partners.

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Country-governance quality and signals in the alliance formation process: a meta-analytic approach

International Journal of Business Environment ◽

10.1504/ijbe.2022.10042395 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Katharina Fink ◽

Oliver Rossmannek ◽

Felix Bosch

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Alliance Formation ◽

Governance Quality

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The Alliance formation process

The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review ◽

10.1016/s1096-7508(99)80004-4 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 335-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J Whipple

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Alliance Formation

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Formation process of periodic non-conservative antiphase boundary structure in L-Pd5Ce

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100173947 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 162-163

Author(s):

Masaru Itakura ◽

Noriyuki Kuwano ◽

Kensuke Oki

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Domain Size ◽

Antiphase Boundary ◽

Boundary Structure ◽

Temperature Phase ◽

Arc Melting ◽

Iced Water ◽

Antiphase Domains ◽

Low Temperature Phase ◽

Degree Of Order

The low temperature phase of Pd5Ce (L-Pd5Ce) has a one-dimensional long period superstructure (1D-LPS) derived from Ll2. The periodic antiphase boundaries (APBs) are parallel to (110) planes and have a shift vector of 1/2[110]. Hereafter, the indices are referred to the basic lattices of Ll2 As insertion of the APB causes a change in composition, such an APB is called “non-conservative”. Then, a domain size M depends upon the Ce concentration in the alloy. It was found that M increases also with temperature. The temperature dependency of M is attributed to a change of the degree of order within the antiphase domains. In this work, morphology of the non-conservative APBs is observed to clarify the formation process of the 1D-LPS.The alloy of Pd-16.7 at%Ce was prepared by arc melting in argon atmosphere. Disc specimens made from the alloy ingot were first held at 985 K for 260 ks and quenched in iced water to obtain the state of M=∞ or Ll2, followed by annealing for various lengths of time. The annealing temperature was 873 K where the equilibrium value for M is about 3 in unit of (110) lattice spacing of Ll2. Observation was carried out using microscopes JEM-2000FX, JEM-4000EX (HVEM Lab., Kyushu Univ.) and JEM-2000EX (Dept. of Mater. Sci. Tech., Kyushu Univ.).

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