Self-Organising Maps for Hierarchical Tree View Document Clustering Using Contextual Information

Author(s):  
Richard Freeman ◽  
Hujun Yin
2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Paul R. J. Duffy ◽  
Olivia Lelong

Summary An archaeological excavation was carried out at Graham Street, Leith, Edinburgh by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) as part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call-off Contract following the discovery of human remains during machine excavation of a foundation trench for a new housing development. Excavation demonstrated that the burial was that of a young adult male who had been interred in a supine position with his head orientated towards the north. Radiocarbon dates obtained from a right tibia suggest the individual died between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Little contextual information exists in documentary or cartographic sources to supplement this scant physical evidence. Accordingly, it is difficult to further refine the context of burial, although a possible link with a historically attested siege or a plague cannot be discounted.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kamorowski ◽  
Karl Ask ◽  
Maartje Schreuder ◽  
Marko Jelicic ◽  
Corine de Ruiter

Previous research has shown that mock and actual jurors give little weight to actuarial sexual offending recidivism risk estimates when making decisions regarding civil commitment for so-called sexually violent predators (SVPs). We hypothesized that non-risk related factors, such as irrelevant contextual information and jurors’ information-processing style, would influence mock jurors’ perceptions of sexual recidivism risk. This preregistered experimental study examined the effects of mock jurors’ (N = 427) need for cognition (NFC), irrelevant contextual information in the form of the offender’s social attractiveness, and an actuarial risk estimate on mock jurors’ estimates of sexual recidivism risk related to a simulated SVP case vignette. Mock jurors exposed to negative risk-irrelevant characteristics of the offender estimated sexual recidivism risk as higher than mock jurors exposed to positive information about the offender. However, this effect was no longer significant after mock jurors had reviewed Static-99R actuarial risk estimate information. We found no support for the hypothesis that the level of NFC moderates the relationship between risk-irrelevant contextual information and risk estimates. Future research could explore additional individual characteristics or attitudes among mock jurors that may influence perceptions of sexual recidivism risk and insensitivity to actuarial risk estimates.


2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Alewijnse ◽  
E.J.A.T. Mattijssen ◽  
R.D. Stoel

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the increasing awareness about the potential bias on the interpretation and conclusions of forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) by contextual information. We briefly provide the reader with an overview of relevant types of bias, the difficulties associated with studying bias, the sources of bias and their potential influence on the decision making process in casework, and solutions to minimize bias in casework. We propose that the limitations of published studies on bias need to be recognized and that their conclusions must be interpreted with care. Instead of discussing whether bias is an issue in casework, the forensic handwriting community should actually focus on how bias can be minimized in practice. As some authors have already shown (e.g., Found & Ganas, 2014), it is relatively easy to implement context information management procedures in practice. By introducing appropriate procedures to minimize bias, not only forensic handwriting examination will be improved, it will also increase the acceptability of the provided evidence during court hearings. Purchase Article - $10


Author(s):  
Laith Mohammad Abualigah ◽  
Essam Said Hanandeh ◽  
Ahamad Tajudin Khader ◽  
Mohammed Abdallh Otair ◽  
Shishir Kumar Shandilya

Background: Considering the increasing volume of text document information on Internet pages, dealing with such a tremendous amount of knowledge becomes totally complex due to its large size. Text clustering is a common optimization problem used to manage a large amount of text information into a subset of comparable and coherent clusters. Aims: This paper presents a novel local clustering technique, namely, β-hill climbing, to solve the problem of the text document clustering through modeling the β-hill climbing technique for partitioning the similar documents into the same cluster. Methods: The β parameter is the primary innovation in β-hill climbing technique. It has been introduced in order to perform a balance between local and global search. Local search methods are successfully applied to solve the problem of the text document clustering such as; k-medoid and kmean techniques. Results: Experiments were conducted on eight benchmark standard text datasets with different characteristics taken from the Laboratory of Computational Intelligence (LABIC). The results proved that the proposed β-hill climbing achieved better results in comparison with the original hill climbing technique in solving the text clustering problem. Conclusion: The performance of the text clustering is useful by adding the β operator to the hill climbing.


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