Minimizing Bias in Forensic Handwriting Examinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Alewijnse ◽  
E.J.A.T. Mattijssen ◽  
R.D. Stoel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Management Procedures

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the increasing awareness about the potential bias on the interpretation and conclusions of forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) by contextual information. We briefly provide the reader with an overview of relevant types of bias, the difficulties associated with studying bias, the sources of bias and their potential influence on the decision making process in casework, and solutions to minimize bias in casework. We propose that the limitations of published studies on bias need to be recognized and that their conclusions must be interpreted with care. Instead of discussing whether bias is an issue in casework, the forensic handwriting community should actually focus on how bias can be minimized in practice. As some authors have already shown (e.g., Found & Ganas, 2014), it is relatively easy to implement context information management procedures in practice. By introducing appropriate procedures to minimize bias, not only forensic handwriting examination will be improved, it will also increase the acceptability of the provided evidence during court hearings. Purchase Article - $10

Data Mining technology as a tool for supporting analytical decision making process in Health Information Management System (HIMS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Gbenga Femi Asere ◽  
Dung Emmanuel Botson
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mining Technology

Wide spread use of information system in the delivery of managed healthcare system and the challenges of identifying and disseminating relevant healthcare information, complex and diverse data and knowledge forms and tasks coupled with the prevalence of legacy systems require automated approaches for effective and efficient utilization of massive amount of data to support in strategic planning and decision-making and assist the strategic management mechanisms. Despite the fact that data mining is progressively used in information systems as a technology to support analytical decision making, it is however still barely used in hospital information system to support analytical decision making process. Hence, this paper presents the usefulness of data mining technology in Hospital Information Management System (HIMS). Data mining technology offered capabilities to increase the productivity of medical personnel, analyze care outcomes, lower healthcare costs, improve healthcare quality by using fast and better clinical decision making and generally assist the strategic management mechanisms.

scholarly journals Evaluating context effects on forensic examiners: potential influences on the perception of evidence and examiners’ decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Decision Making Process

The current study aimed to investigate whether contextual information affects examiners’ perception of fingerprint evidence and/or their decision-making process regarding whether the fingerprints are a match, nonmatch, or if it is inconclusive. Undergraduates (N = 129) were trained in fingerprint examination and subsequently examined two pairs of fingerprints. The time at which contextual information was distributed was manipulated to change what part of the examination could be influenced by the contextual information. It was hypothesized that the contextual information would affect both the examiner’s perception of the evidence as well as their decision-making process. Results were partially in line with this hypothesis; though the contextual information presented demonstrated no effect on participants’ conclusions, the timing at which the contextual information was presented did. Implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Architecture for Decision Support in Precision Livestock Farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas S. Gomes ◽  
José Maria N. David ◽  
Regina Braga ◽  
Victor Ströele ◽  
Wagner Arbex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Precision Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Integrate Data ◽  
Support Decision Making

The use of sensors in the agricultural domain generates a massive volume of heterogeneous data that must be treated, stored, and processed for decision-making. These decisions must be taken considering the diversity of devices and contextual information, which is often not considered but is important to the decision-making process. This paper presents an architecture to integrate data from sensors related to precision livestock farms. The integration and processing of these data can support decision-making, lead to more accurate results and enhance agribusiness sustainability.

scholarly journals Enseñanza del diseño mecánico mediante un proyecto CAD documentado

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Zamarripa-Muñoz ◽  
Pedro Agustín Ojeda-Escoto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Design And Manufacturing

In mechanical project development, there are two kind of knowledge, theoretical, taught according on syllabus at universities, and in the other hand, practical, usually learned in the working environment. For graduated recently engineers, it means a disadvantage once they are trying to get a job. Seeking to achieve better results on student performance from a real design plane, learning strategy is presented to enhance both knowledges applying them to an educational project completed, learning topics that normally is not covered on syllabus and generating all information required about design and manufacturing project. This paper shows a case of study about a telescopic crane design, analyzing all information generated from conceptual to detail engineering. Finally, preliminary results about all information generated through the different project stages is presented, helping in this way the decision-making process of the students and the information management when developing project from the beginning to the end.

scholarly journals Evaluating context effects on forensic examiners: potential influences on the perception of evidence and examiners’ decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Decision Making Process

The current study aimed to investigate whether contextual information affects examiners’ perception of fingerprint evidence and/or their decision-making process regarding whether the fingerprints are a match, nonmatch, or if it is inconclusive. Undergraduates (N = 129) were trained in fingerprint examination and subsequently examined two pairs of fingerprints. The time at which contextual information was distributed was manipulated to change what part of the examination could be influenced by the contextual information. It was hypothesized that the contextual information would affect both the examiner’s perception of the evidence as well as their decision-making process. Results were partially in line with this hypothesis; though the contextual information presented demonstrated no effect on participants’ conclusions, the timing at which the contextual information was presented did. Implications of these findings are discussed.

DIRECTIONS OF MODIFICATION OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN THE POLICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Agata LASOTA-JĄDRZAK
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Information Management ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hierarchical Organizations ◽  
The Republic

The problem of improving the decision-making process in highly hierarchical organizations is the subject of reflection and discussion of many authors. The aim of the paper is to signal the need to introduce changes not only in the organizational structure of the Police of the Republic of Poland, maximizing the rationality of the decision-making process in the conditions of deep civilizational transformations, but also introducing modern methods of information management. The proposed directions of changes will increase the effectiveness of the functioning of the Police organizational units in the conditions of increasing turbulence of the state environment in the 21st century.

scholarly journals A FIRST ATTEMPT TO DEFINE LEVEL OF DETAILS BASED ON DECISION-MAKING TASKS: APPLICATION TO UNDERGROUND UTILITY NETWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W4-2021 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
J. Pouliot ◽  
F. Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
City Modeling ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Utility Network

Abstract. Level of detail (LoD) is a key concept for 3D city modeling to optimise visualisation. The LoDs of CityGML shows this trend. This paper explores the relevance of having LoD for visualising 3D model of Underground Utility Networks (UUN). A new approach is proposed for designing multiple LoDs modeling in creating an explicit link between the content of the 3D model and the decision-making process (or operational tasks) to be performed by a user. This Multiple Level of detail Approach (MLA) is divided into four steps. The first step requires defining the visualisation needs in terms of five variables (geometry, topology, semantic, contextual information, and semiology). Next, tasks to be performed are analyzed and categorized. Finally, a matrix of possible LoDs is created for all tasks and the minimum LoD required is proposed. In this paper, we applied this approach for the use case of granting connection permits to water and sewer networks. Learning aspects are proposed in the discussion.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

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