Source Code and Task Graphs in Program Optimization

2001 ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welf Löwe ◽  
Wolf Zimmermann ◽  
Sven Dickert ◽  
Jörn Eisenbiegler
Keyword(s):  
Source Code ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
Task Graphs ◽  
And Task

A Heterogeneity Based Greedy Algorithm for Scheduling Out-Tree Task Graphs

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 972-977
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Zhang ◽  
Yong Qu ◽  
Dan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Time Complexity ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Task Graphs ◽  
Parallel Languages ◽  
Schedule Length ◽  
Task Duplication ◽  
Schedule Performance ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Task

The scheduling of Out-Tree task graphs is one of the critical factors in implementing the compilers of parallel languages and improving the performance of parallel computing. When applied to Out-Tree task graphs, many previous classical heterogeneity based algorithms always ignored the economization on processors and the minimization of the schedule length, which led to low efficiency in real applications. This paper proposes a heterogeneity based greedy algorithm for scheduling Out-Tree task graphs, which is based on list and task duplication, tries to find the best point between balancing loads and shortening the schedule length and improves the schedule performance without increasing the time complexity of the algorithm. The comparative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could achieve shorter schedule length while using less number of processors.

scholarly journals RepeatFS: a file system providing reproducibility through provenance and automation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Westbrook ◽  
Elizabeth Varki ◽  
W Kelley Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
File System ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Command Line ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
And Task

Abstract Motivation Reproducibility is of central importance to the scientific process. The difficulty of consistently replicating and verifying experimental results is magnified in the era of big data, in which bioinformatics analysis often involves complex multi-application pipelines operating on terabytes of data. These processes result in thousands of possible permutations of data preparation steps, software versions and command-line arguments. Existing reproducibility frameworks are cumbersome and involve redesigning computational methods. To address these issues, we developed RepeatFS, a file system that records, replicates and verifies informatics workflows with no alteration to the original methods. RepeatFS also provides several other features to help promote analytical transparency and reproducibility, including provenance visualization and task automation. Results We used RepeatFS to successfully visualize and replicate a variety of bioinformatics tasks consisting of over a million operations with no alteration to the original methods. RepeatFS correctly identified all software inconsistencies that resulted in replication differences. Availabilityand implementation RepeatFS is implemented in Python 3. Its source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/ToniWestbrook/repeatfs. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Exploring Relationships in Tailoring Option, Task Category, and Effort in ERP Software Maintenance

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste See-Pui Ng
Keyword(s):  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Heavy Tailed ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
And Task

Maintenance to in-house applications is often done by modifying source code; however, packaged applications also enable certain maintenance to be done through changes to configurational parameters rather than through changes to the source code. This research presents preliminary evidence from the field to fill this gap in the empirical understanding of ERP maintenance. Using data from 503 ERP maintenance requests, the author’s results suggest that relative maintenance effort distributions for all maintenance categories and tailoring options are not normal distributions but heavy-tailed positively skewed distributions. Comparing ERP systems to in-house developed software, the author found a large proportion of corrective maintenance requests than adaptive requests. Enhancement and corrective task categories that use the programming tailoring option show a trend of increment in relative maintenance effort per request moving median over time. In contrast, enhancement and adaptive task categories that use the configuration tailoring option show a trend of reduction in relative maintenance effort per request moving median over time. The number of maintenance requests for all tailoring options and task categories were increasingly high four months after the introduction of a new module. Comparatively, under the same period, there was relatively higher number of maintenance requests for enhancement task category than other task categories, indicating that unique or orthogonal requirements were not available in the ERP system.

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

The Production of Gesture and Speech by People With Aphasia: Influence of Communicative Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4417-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola de Beer ◽  
Jan P. de Ruiter ◽  
Martina Hielscher-Fastabend ◽  
Katharina Hogrefe
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Gesture Production ◽  
And Task ◽  
Group Effects

Purpose People with aphasia (PWA) use different kinds of gesture spontaneously when they communicate. Although there is evidence that the nature of the communicative task influences the linguistic performance of PWA, so far little is known about the influence of the communicative task on the production of gestures by PWA. We aimed to investigate the influence of varying communicative constraints on the production of gesture and spoken expression by PWA in comparison to persons without language impairment. Method Twenty-six PWA with varying aphasia severities and 26 control participants (CP) without language impairment participated in the study. Spoken expression and gesture production were investigated in 2 different tasks: (a) spontaneous conversation about topics of daily living and (b) a cartoon narration task, that is, retellings of short cartoon clips. The frequencies of words and gestures as well as of different gesture types produced by the participants were analyzed and tested for potential effects of group and task. Results Main results for task effects revealed that PWA and CP used more iconic gestures and pantomimes in the cartoon narration task than in spontaneous conversation. Metaphoric gestures, deictic gestures, number gestures, and emblems were more frequently used in spontaneous conversation than in cartoon narrations by both participant groups. Group effects show that, in both tasks, PWA's gesture-to-word ratios were higher than those for the CP. Furthermore, PWA produced more interactive gestures than the CP in both tasks, as well as more number gestures and pantomimes in spontaneous conversation. Conclusions The current results suggest that PWA use gestures to compensate for their verbal limitations under varying communicative constraints. The properties of the communicative task influence the use of different gesture types in people with and without aphasia. Thus, the influence of communicative constraints needs to be considered when assessing PWA's multimodal communicative abilities.

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