Hats Off to the CIM Reviewers of 2021

For over 40 years the journal of Clinical and Investigative Medicine (CIM) has published articles of interest to clinician investigators in Canada and elsewhere. We strive for the highest standards and to remain relevant to our readers, but we cannot achieve this goal without the help of our reviewers, all of whom play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the scientific process. Without their efforts, academic excellence would falter.

A Gas Pipeline Investigation Built on Community-Centered Ideas

From developing a research question to enacting solutions, environmental justice requires community engagement in every step of the scientific process.

Management of Federal Property at the University. Could it be Simplified?

A modern Russian university today is a large property complex, the effective use of which is necessary to ensure educational and scientific process problems in regard to academic process. However, universities also have to solve a wide range of social problems related to creating and maintaining a comfortable environment for students and professors, amongst other things engaging various organizations to create social services on campus. Although, characterization of outsourcing practices at universities shows that the existing legal base is incomplete, resulting in long and expensive procedures. All that reduces the universities’ effectiveness in solving an issue of creating a comfortable environment for learning and scientific research. The article analyses the decision-making process for some types of leases and proposes different measures to improve the regulatory framework, controlling the management of state property at universities.

Effects of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education Using Algodoo to Prospective Science Teachers' Scientific Process and Education Orientation Skills

This study investigated the effects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) applications carried out with the purpose of supporting the integrated knowledge of prospective science teachers on the scientific process skills and STEM education orientation skills of prospective teachers. According to the results, the STEM application was effective on the scientific process skills of the prospective teachers in the experiment group in comparison to those in the control group; however, it was not effective on their levels of orientation towards STEM education. The prospective teachers stated that Algodoo is a good tool for integration of STEM disciplines.

Development of Practicum Instruction Module Based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated with Science Process Skills and Scientific Literacy

This research aims to produce a valid practicum instruction module; the result of student assessments regarding the practicum instruction module; there are good results of students’ scientific process skills; there is an increase in students' scientific literacy; and student responses to the practicum instruction module. This type of research refers to the 4-D model. The research subjects are Even Semester students for the 2020-2021 academic year. The research was carried out at the Biology Education Study Program, Universitas Samudra. The research instrument consisted of validation sheets, observation sheets, test questions, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study consisted of validation data presented in the form of a percentage; student assessment of the practicum instruction module using percentages process skills data analyzed by N-gain score; learning outcomes were analyzed by N-gain score, and; student responses are presented in the form of a percentage. The results of the practicum module validation are categorized as good with a score of 87.5%; The results of student assessment of the practicum instruction module on product trials are categorized as good in terms of indicators of content feasibility, presentation feasibility, and language; The scientific process skills of students before and after conducting product trials of 0.63% are categorized as high; The scientific literacy ability of students is 0.56%, means it has increased; Student response to the practicum Instruction module is positive

Ethical boundary work in citizen science

The concept of boundary work (Gieryn 1983, 1999) has been developed to capture theways in which scientists collectively defend and demarcate their intellectual territories.This article applies the concept of boundary work to the ethical realm and investigates theethical boundary work performed by researchers in the field of citizen science (CS) througha literature review and by analysing accounts of ethics presented in CS literature.Results show that ethical boundary work in the CS literature is, to a large extent, a matterof managing ambiguities and paradoxes without any clear boundaries drawn between theunethical and ethical. Scientists are negotiating ethical positions, which might, occasionally,enhance the ethical authority of ‘non-science’ and non-scientists, as well as maintainalready established research ethics. The main ethical boundary work in CS displaysvariations towards perceived insufficiencies of conventional research ethics to accommodate“outsiders”, addressing issues of distribution, relevance, and expulsion as science includevolunteer contributors in the scientific process.

The Future of Coaching: A Conceptual Framework for the Coaching Sector From Personal Craft to Scientific Process and the Implications for Practice and Research

This conceptual paper explores the development of coaching, as an expression of applied positive psychology. It argues that coaching is a positive psychology dialogue which has probably existed since the emergence of sophisticated forms of language, but only in the past few 1000years, has evidence emerged of its use as a deliberate practice to enhance learning. In the past 50years, this dialectic tool has been professionalised, through the emergence of professional bodies, and the introduction of formal training and certification. In considering the development of the coaching industry, we have used Rostow’s model of sector development to reflect on future possible pathways and the changes in the coaching industry with the clothing sector, to understand possible futures. We have offered a five-stage model to conceptualise this pathway of development. Using this insight, we have further reviewed past research and predicted future pathways for coaching research, based on a new ten-phase model of coaching research.

Fishing in the Dark: Science, Values and Deep Water Fisheries Research

<p>This research sought to assesss the safeguards protecting scientific objectivity in New Zealand deep-water fisheries science decision-making fora. Managing depleted, slow-growing and poorly-understood stocks demands particularly accurate, objective scientific information. New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries undertakes deep-water fisheries management in an nformation-poor, high-stakes context. This context means neither of the two strictly separate policy and scientific advice processes is able, in isolation, to provide advice confidently. Preliminary investigations suggested that to enable the Ministry to meet the ongoing need for management of deep-water fishing, science fora are effectively taking on a quasi-policy role. This research investigated whether deep-water fisheries science processes have sufficient safeguards to protect the objectivity of scientific decision-making in this difficult climate, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy in their advice. Twentytwo personal interviews were conducted with key informants, and analysed using grounded theory. Themes thus revealed were analysed in light of concepts from economics, philosophy of science and institutional analysis literature. Research suggested that the scientific process is ill-suited for handling non-scientific judgements, and the spread of non-scientific considerations into scientific fora is risking the objectivity of scientific analysis which is critical for fisheries management. Imbalanced stakeholder representation in scientific fora further imperils objectivity in these fora, with potentially significant implications for sustainable fisheries management.</p>

Fishing in the Dark: Science, Values and Deep Water Fisheries Research

<p>This research sought to assesss the safeguards protecting scientific objectivity in New Zealand deep-water fisheries science decision-making fora. Managing depleted, slow-growing and poorly-understood stocks demands particularly accurate, objective scientific information. New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries undertakes deep-water fisheries management in an nformation-poor, high-stakes context. This context means neither of the two strictly separate policy and scientific advice processes is able, in isolation, to provide advice confidently. Preliminary investigations suggested that to enable the Ministry to meet the ongoing need for management of deep-water fishing, science fora are effectively taking on a quasi-policy role. This research investigated whether deep-water fisheries science processes have sufficient safeguards to protect the objectivity of scientific decision-making in this difficult climate, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy in their advice. Twentytwo personal interviews were conducted with key informants, and analysed using grounded theory. Themes thus revealed were analysed in light of concepts from economics, philosophy of science and institutional analysis literature. Research suggested that the scientific process is ill-suited for handling non-scientific judgements, and the spread of non-scientific considerations into scientific fora is risking the objectivity of scientific analysis which is critical for fisheries management. Imbalanced stakeholder representation in scientific fora further imperils objectivity in these fora, with potentially significant implications for sustainable fisheries management.</p>

The Role of Citizen Science in Promoting Health Equity

While there are many definitions of citizen science, the term usually refers to the participation of the general public in the scientific process in collaboration with professional scientists. Citizen scientists have been engaged to promote health equity, especially in the areas of environmental contaminant exposures, physical activity, and healthy eating. Citizen scientists commonly come from communities experiencing health inequities and have collected data using a range of strategies and technologies, such as air sensors, water quality kits, and mobile applications. On the basis of our review, and to advance the field of citizen science to address health equity, we recommend ( a) expanding the focus on topics important for health equity, ( b) increasing the diversity of people serving as citizen scientists, ( c) increasing the integration of citizen scientists in additional research phases, ( d) continuing to leverage emerging technologies that enable citizen scientists to collect data relevant for health equity, and ( e) strengthening the rigor of methods to evaluate impacts on health equity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.