Acid Rain in a Wider Europe: The Post-Communist Transition and the Future European Acid Rain Policies

2007 ◽  
pp. 151-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana B. Andonova
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
The Future

Future Shock in Forest Yield Forecasting: The Need for a New Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
The Future

The traditional method of predicting future yields of conventional forest products and/or biomass is based on an empirical bioassay of the growth potential of unmanaged stands, or of stands subject to one, or a small number of, management practices. The method employs the historical pattern of stem volume and/or forest biomass accumulation in the form of volume- or biomass-over-age curves. This type of yield predictor, which may be presented as a simple yield table or a more complex mensurational computer yield model, is widely considered to produce believable future yield predictions. However, the predictions will only be accurate if the future environmental conditions and management regimes are similar to those that pertained over the period during which the biomass accumulation on which the yield model is based occurred. This is unlikely because the continued growth of the human population and the resultant loss of forest land will require a great intensification of forest management. The significant changes in management that many believe await forestry in the not-too-distant future in many parts of the world will render such conventional predictions very questionable. In addition, human-induced changes in atmospheric chemistry may result in changes in the climatic (the "green-house gases" problem), canopy or soil conditions (the "acid rain" problem) that determine tree growth.Computer models of forest yield based solely on the simulation of the biological processes that determine tree growth do not at present offer a viable alternative. Either we do not yet know enough to build, or we do not have sufficient resources to develop and calibrate such process models at an adequate level of complexity.What is needed is a generation of hybrid yield models that combine traditional mensurational models with a simulation of those growth-regulating processes that are significantly altered by changing management practices and/or by changing atmospheric chemistry and climate. One such model is FORCYTE: the FORest nutrient Cycling and Yield Trend Evaluator. This is an ecologically-based forest management simulation model that can predict the long-term consequences of a wide variety of forest management practices for the future harvest yield, ecosystem nutrient budgets, economic efficiency and the energy benefit/cost ratio of management. It combines the believability of the traditional approach with the flexibility of ecological and biological process simulation. Present versions of the model focus on the consequences for future production and yield of changes in forest management. However, because of the structure of the model, it is capable of being modified to examine similar consequences of climatic change and alteration in atmospheric chemistry. Progress in the latter area must await clarification of the processes involved in acid rain damage to forests. FORCYTE is also capable, with minor modification, of being used in agriculture and mined land reclamation research and planning. Key words: Yield prediction, FORCYTE.

Air pollution, acid rain and the future of the forests

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-180
Author(s):  
Philip J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals The significance of air pollution in sugar maple decline

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael L. Bell ◽  
Andrea K. Graham ◽  
D. N. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The Future

Sugar maple decline has been a prominent issue since the late 1970s, when large areas of Quebec and Ontario were affected by this phenomenon. Links have been established between decline and insect damage, airborne heavy metals and acidic pollutants, and drought. Research has also indicated that global warming and resulting climactic changes may also cause decline. The phenomenon can be partially alleviated by proper management of sugar bushes. Although sugar maple decline has been on the wane over recent years, it may pose a serious problem in the future. Key words: maple decline, pollution, acid rain, global warming, economy, prevention.

scholarly journals A Survey of Alpine Lakes in Grand Teton National Park

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Michael Parker ◽  
David Gulley
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
The Future

The major objective of the study in progress is to provide baseline data on 90 alpine (above 2700 m) lakes located within Grand Teton National Park. Such baseline data are required for park management and to assess the future perturbations to the lakes (e.g., acid rain and other human impacts).

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Status of the Lick Proper Motion Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
The Future

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

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