Cellular Mechanisms of Working Memory and its Modulation by Dopamine in the Prefrontal Cortex of Primates and Rats

2007 ◽  
pp. 125-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos ◽  
Sven Kröner ◽  
Jeremy K. Seamans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells During Working Memory: Evidence for Microcolumnar Organization in PFC

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1903-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas G. Rao ◽  
Graham V. Williams ◽  
Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Fast Spiking ◽  
Spatially Oriented

Isodirectional tuning of adjacent interneurons and pyramidal cells during working memory: evidence for microcolumnar organization in PFC. Studies on the cellular mechanisms of working memory demonstrated that neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) exhibit directionally tuned activity during an oculomotor delayed response. To determine the particular contributions of pyramidal cells and interneurons to spatial tuning in dPFC, we examined both individually and in pairs the tuning properties of regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) units that represent putative pyramidal cells and interneurons, respectively. Our main finding is that FS units possess spatially tuned sensory, motor, and delay activity (i.e., “memory fields”) similar to those found in RS units. Furthermore, when recorded simultaneously at the same site, the majority of neighboring neurons, whether FS or RS, displayed isodirectional tuning, i.e., they shared very similar tuning angles for the sensory and delay phases of the task. As the trial entered the response phase of the task, many FS units shifted their direction of tuning and became cross-directional to adjacent RS units by the end of the trial. These results establish that a large part of inhibition in prefrontal cortex is spatially oriented rather than being untuned and simply regulating the threshold response of pyramidal cell output. Moreover, the isodirectional tuning between adjacent neurons supports a functional microcolumnar organization in dPFC for spatial memory fields similar to that found in other areas of cortex for sensory receptive fields.

Cellular Mechanisms of Psychotic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dienel ◽  
David A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Gaba Neuron

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, including disturbances in working memory, is a core feature of the illness and the best predictor of long-term functional outcome. Working memory relies on neural network oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the prefrontal cortex, which are crucial for this oscillatory activity, exhibit a number of alterations in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. These GABA neuron disturbances may be secondary to upstream alterations in excitatory pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings suggest both a neural substrate for working memory impairments in schizophrenia and therapeutic targets for improving functional outcomes in this patient population.

scholarly journals Curcumin Ameliorates the Cd-Induced Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammatory Proteins in the Prefrontal Cortex Region of the Brain

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Dhondup Namgyal ◽  
Sher Ali ◽  
Muhammad Delwar Hussain ◽  
Mohsin Kazi ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and vascular dementia are major challenges to the modern health care system. Most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with impaired spatial working memory and anxiety-like behavior. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases in different regions of the brain to develop an effective therapeutic approach. In our previous research paper, we have reported the ameliorative effect of curcumin in Cd-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. However, recently many researchers had reported the important role of the prefrontal cortex in higher cognitive functions. Therefore, to look into the cellular mechanism of curcumin protection against Cd-induced prefrontal cortex neurotoxicity, we investigated spatial working memory, anxiety-like behavior and analyzed prefrontal cortex inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and pro-oxidant MDA level. Further, we conducted histological studies of the prefrontal cortex in Swiss albino mice exposed to cadmium (2.5 mg/kg). We observed that curcumin treatment improved the spatial working memory and anxiety-like behavior of mice through reduction of prefrontal cortex neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as well as increasing the number of viable prefrontal cortex neuronal cells. Our result suggests that environmental heavy metal cadmium can induce behavioral impairment in mice through prefrontal cortex cellular inflammation and oxidative stress. We found that curcumin has a potential therapeutic property to mitigate these behavioral and biochemical impairments induced by cadmium.

An excitatory neural assembly encodes working memory in the prefrontal cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonglu Tian ◽  
Chaojuan Yang ◽  
Yaxuan Cui ◽  
Feng Su ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Assembly
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