Melatonin Receptor Blockers Enhance Photoreceptor Survival and Function in Light Damaged Rat Retina

The prorenin receptor [(P)RR] is upregulated in the diabetic kidney and has been implicated in the high glucose (HG)-induced overproduction of profibrotic molecules by mesangial cells (MCs), which is mediated by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The regulation of (P)RR gene transcription and the mechanisms by which HG increases (P)RR gene expression are not fully understood. Because intracellular levels of angiotensin II (AngII) are increased in MCs stimulated with HG, we used this in vitro system to evaluate the possible role of AngII in (P)RR gene expression and function by comparing the effects of AT1 receptor blockers (losartan or candesartan) and (P)RR mRNA silencing (siRNA) in human MCs (HMCs) stimulated with HG. HG induced an increase in (P)RR and fibronectin expression and in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These effects were completely reversed by (P)RR siRNA and losartan but not by candesartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker that, in contrast to losartan, blocks AT1 receptor internalization). These results suggest that (P)RR gene activity may be controlled by intracellular AngII and that HG-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and fibronectin overproduction are primarily induced by (P)RR activation. This relationship between AngII and (P)RR may constitute an additional pathway of MC dysfunction in response to HG stimulation.

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Myocardial Remodelling after Myocardial Infarction

10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0031 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Kavitha Vimalesvaran ◽

Michael Marber

Keyword(s):

Contractile Function ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Second Phase ◽

Ventricular Remodelling ◽

Ischaemic Injury ◽

Heart Failure Progression ◽

Myocardial Remodelling ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

And Function

This chapter focuses on myocardial remodelling, a process that affects the heart’s shape, structure, and function, following myocardial injury (MI). Post-MI remodelling can be divided into three phases, with the first phase 0–72 hours beginning at the time of ischaemic injury, the second phase 72 hours to 6 weeks, and the third and last phase 6 weeks and beyond. During post-infarction remodelling, hypertrophy is an adaptive response that compensates for the increased load, reduces the effect of progressive dilatation, and balances contractile function. The chapter discusses the factors involved in ventricular remodelling and its association with heart failure progression. The effects of therapies designed to prevent or attenuate post-infarction left ventricular remodelling, with reference to the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, are then considered. Therapies specifically discussed include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β‎-adrenoreceptor blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists.

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Treatment and post-treatment effects of α- versus β-receptor blockers on left ventricular structure and function in essential hypertension

American Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0002-8703(96)90013-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 132 (5) ◽

pp. 1004-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hans P. Schobel ◽

Matthias Langenfeld ◽

Christoph Gatzka ◽

Roland E. Schmieder

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Left Ventricular Structure ◽

Ventricular Structure ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Β Receptor ◽

And Function

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Antihistamine therapy in pediatric practice

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2018-11-136-139 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 136-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. V. Tsarev

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Histamine Receptor ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Paediatric Practice ◽

The Difference ◽

And Function ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Role And Function

The article considers the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and other pathological conditions. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of skin itching are considered separately. The article also shows the role and function of H1-histamine receptor blockers in the treatment of allergic diseases and pseudo allergic reactions. The mechanism of action, indications, contraindications and side effects of the antihistamine therapy are presented. The article also discusses the difference in first and second-generation antihistamines and shows the possible advantages of the first-generation drugs in paediatric practice. The article presents data on the use of dimethindene maleate (Fenistil) in children’s practice, including the use for the relief of skin itching of various genesis.

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