Volcanoes in Iceland and Crustal Deformation Processes

Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_598-2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Sigrún Hreinsdóttir

Keyword(s):

Crustal Deformation ◽

Deformation Processes

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Understanding the Origin and Mixing of Deep Fluids in Shallow Aquifers and Possible Implications for Crustal Deformation Studies: San Vittorino Plain, Central Apennines

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1353

Author(s):

Marino Domenico Barberio ◽

Francesca Gori ◽

Maurizio Barbieri ◽

Tiziano Boschetti ◽

Antonio Caracausi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Crustal Deformation ◽

Central Italy ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Aquifer Systems ◽

Groundwater Circulation ◽

Deformation Processes ◽

Geological Map ◽

Gas Interactions ◽

Seismic Area

Expanding knowledge about the origin and mixing of deep fluids and the water–rock–gas interactions in aquifer systems can represent an improvement in the comprehension of crustal deformation processes. An analysis of the deep and meteoric fluid contributions to a regional groundwater circulation model in an active seismic area has been carried out. We performed two hydrogeochemical screenings of 15 springs in the San Vittorino Plain (central Italy). Furthermore, we updated the San Vittorino Plain structural setting with a new geological map and cross-sections, highlighting how and where the aquifers are intersected by faults. The application of Na-Li geothermometers, coupled with trace element and gas analyses, agrees in attributing the highest temperatures (>150 °C), the greatest enrichments in Li (124.3 ppb) and Cs (>5 ppb), and traces of mantle-derived He (1–2%) to springs located in correspondence with high-angle faults (i.e., S5, S11, S13, and S15). This evidence points out the role of faults acting as vehicles for deep fluids into regional carbonate aquifers. These results highlight the criteria for identifying the most suitable sites for monitoring variations in groundwater geochemistry due to the uprising of deep fluids modulated by fault activity to be further correlated with crustal deformation and possibly with seismicity.

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