The Broader Perspective: the British Isles, Western Europe and North America

1998 ◽  
pp. 155-191
Author(s):  
Helen M. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
British Isles

The genus Porpidia in northern and western Europe, with special emphasis on collections from the British Isles

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. FRYDAY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
First Time

Four new species and one new forma are described in the genus Porpidia. Porpidia flavocruenta Fryday & Buschbom, a member of the P. macrocarpa group that has previously been overlooked for ‘P. flavocoerulescens’, is reported from Austria, the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, and North America (Alaska); P. islandica Fryday, Knoph & Hertel is reported from Iceland and Scotland; and P. pachythallina Fryday and P. striata Fryday from the British Isles only. The sorediate morph of P. superba is described as P. superba f. sorediata Fryday, known from the British Isles, Sweden, Svalbard, and North America (Maine). Variation in P. macrocarpa is discussed and the new combination P. macrocarpa f. nigrocruenta (Anzi) Fryday made. Secondary metabolite production is discussed and the variation in the production of chemosyndromes considered to be more variable than previously reported. The position of several other taxa is discussed and P. herteliana and P. musiva are reduced to synonymy with P. cinereoatra, P. calcarea to synonymy with P. superba, and P. diversa to synonymy with P. contraponenda. However, P. grisea and P. lowiana are provisionally maintained as distinct species from P. tuberculosa and P. cinereoatra respectively, although P. grisea has not been correctly recorded from the British Isles. The typification of Spiloma tuberculosa Sm., the basionym of Porpidia tuberculosa, is discussed and a lectotype proposed; the new combination Porpidia rugosa (Taylor) Coppins & Fryday is made and shown to be the correct name for P. glaucophaea; and Porpidia flavicunda (Ach.) Gowan is used for the esorediate taxon usually known as Porpidia flavocoerulescens because this epithet is to be proposed for rejection as it is considered to be of confused usage. Porpidia hydrophila is shown to be a member of the P. albocaerulescens group. Porpidia lowiana, P. nadvornikiana, and P. thomsonii are recorded for the first time from the British Isles, and P. macrocarpa f. nigrocruenta confirmed as a British taxon. Notes and a key are provided for all the species of the genus that have been reported from the area.

scholarly journals Decolonization, the Cold War, and Africans’ routes to higher education overseas, 1957–65

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Eric Burton
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cold War ◽  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
African Students ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractFrom the late 1950s, Africans seeking higher education went to a rapidly increasing number of destinations, both within Africa and overseas. Based on multi-sited archival research and memoirs, this article shows how Africans forged and used new routes to gain access to higher education denied to them in their territories of origin, and in this way also shaped scholarship policies across the globe. Focusing on British-ruled territories in East Africa, the article establishes the importance of African intermediaries and independent countries as hubs of mobility. The agency of students and intermediaries, as well as official responses, are examined in three interconnected cases: the clandestine ‘Nile route’ from East Africa to Egypt and eastern Europe; the ‘airlifts’ from East Africa to North America; and the ‘exodus’ of African students from the Eastern bloc to western Europe. Although all of these routes were short-lived, they transformed official scholarship provisions, and significantly shaped the postcolonial period in the countries of origin.

Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles, and Beyond, 1700-1990.

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Frank Lambert ◽  
Mark A. Noll ◽  
David W. Bebbington ◽  
George A. Rawlyk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
British Isles

Geographic and Temporal Trends of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects Screening for Two Clinical Trials in North America and Western Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibtain Rahim ◽  
Linda M. Fredrick ◽  
Barbara A. da Silva ◽  
Barry Bernstein ◽  
Martin S. King
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Hiv 1

Presence of Undeclared Peanut Protein in Chocolate Bars Imported from Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1932-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER VADAS ◽  
BORIS PERELMAN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Peanut Protein ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Peanut Allergens ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Fatal Anaphylaxis ◽  
Made In

Peanut allergens are both stable and potent and are capable of inducing anaphylactic reactions at low concentrations. Consequently, the consumption of peanuts remains the most common cause of food-induced anaphylactic death. Since accidental exposure to peanuts is a common cause of potentially fatal anaphylaxis in peanut-allergic individuals, we tested for the presence of peanut protein in chocolate bars produced in Europe and North America that did not list peanuts as an ingredient. Ninety-two chocolate bars, of which 32 were manufactured in North America and 60 were imported from Europe, were tested by the Veratox assay. None of the 32 North American chocolate products, including 19 with precautionary labeling, contained detectable peanut protein. In contrast, 30.8% of products from western Europe without precautionary labeling contained detectable levels of peanut protein. Sixty-two percent of products from eastern Europe without precautionary labeling contained detectable peanut protein at levels of up to 245 ppm. The absence of precautionary labeling and the absence of the declaration of “peanut” as an ingredient in chocolate bars made in eastern and central Europe were not found to guarantee that these products were actually free of contaminating peanut protein. In contrast, North American manufacturers have attained a consistent level of safety and reliability for peanut-allergic consumers.

Administrative Traditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Administrative Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
And Function

Contemporary public administration reflects its historical roots as well as contemporary ideas about how the public bureaucracy should be organized and function. This book argues that there are administrative traditions that have their roots centuries ago but continue to influence administrative behavior. Further, within Western Europe, North America, and the Antipodes there are four administrative traditions: Anglo-American, Napoleonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian. These are not the only traditions however, and the book also explores administrative traditions in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Islamic world. In addition there is a discussion of how administrative traditions of the colonial powers influenced contemporary administration in Africa. These discussions of tradition and persistence also are discussed in light of the numerous attempts to reform and change public administration.

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