In-Situ Burning for Oil Spills in Arctic Waters: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Needs

2008 ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Potter ◽  
Ian Buist
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs

RAINFALL RUNOFF MODELLING USING NEURAL NETWORKS: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 52-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Jain ◽  
Holger R. Maier ◽  
Graeme C. Dandy ◽  
K. P. Sudheer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Rainfall Runoff

scholarly journals Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil Using Biosurfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Sustainable Remediation ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Remediation Process ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of the most appropriate remediation technology must coincide with the environmental characteristics of the site. The risk to human health and the environment at the site must be reduced, and not be transferred to another site. Biosurfactants have the potential as remediation agents due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and effectiveness. Selection of biosurfactants should be based on pollutant characteristics and properties, treatment capacity, costs, regulatory requirements, and time constraints. Moreover, understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between biosurfactants and contaminants can assist in selection of the appropriate biosurfactants for sustainable remediation. Enhanced sustainability of the remediation process by biosurfactants can be achieved through the use of renewable or waste substrates, in situ production of biosurfactants, and greener production and recovery processes for biosurfactants. Future research needs are identified.

E-Commerce Logistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Bask ◽  
Mervi Lipponen ◽  
Markku Tinnilä
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
A Minor

E-commerce has attracted increasing interest at the beginning of the 21st century, in both academia and practice. Today, the Internet is commonly used by both consumers and businesses as a means of purchasing goods. The authors’ study focuses on e-commerce logistics, focusing on the physical delivery of goods sold over the Internet. Based on a systematic review of articles, the authors will summarize and analyze the main findings of academic literature and highlight certain research issues recognized on this topic. The main objective is to study the state-of-the-art of e-commerce logistics research and future research needs. The reviewed articles have been formed into seven categories, and each category is discussed in the paper. The largest categories discuss e-commerce logistics in relation to retail strategies, logistics strategies and structures, and buyer preferences. Although logistics is a critical part of e-commerce, it seems based on the review that not many e-commerce logistics solutions have been developed or studied in current research, and logistics has often been treated as only a minor issue among other issues in e-commerce.

scholarly journals X Water Worlds and how to investigate them: A review and future perspective on <i>in situ</i> measurements of water stable isotopes in soils and plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Beyer ◽  
Maren Dubbert
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Water Isotope

Abstract. The number of ecohydrological studies involving water stable isotopes has been increasing steadily due to technological (i.e. field deployable laser spectroscopy and cheaper instruments) and methodological (i.e. tracer approaches or improvements in root water uptake models) advances in recent years. This enables researchers from a broad scientific background to incorporate water isotope-based methods into their studies. Several isotope effects are currently not fully understood, but essential when investigating root water uptake depths of vegetation and disentangle isotope processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. In particular different viewpoints exist on i) extraction methods for soil and plant water and methodological artefacts potentially introduced by them; ii) the pools of water measured with those methods and iii) spatiotemporal issues related with water stable isotope research. In situ methods have been proposed as an innovative and necessary way to address these issues and are required in order to disentangle isotope effects and take them into account when studying root water uptake depths of plants and for studying soil-plant-atmosphere interaction based on water stable isotopes. Herein, we review the current status of in situ measurements of water stable isotopes in soils and plants, point out current issues and highlight potential for future research. Moreover, we put a strong focus and incorporate practical aspects into this review. Finally, we propose an integrated methodology for measuring both soil and plant water isotopes when carrying out studies at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface. For all in situ methods, extreme care needs to be taken particularly during set-up in order to obtain reliable data. In situ methods for soils are well established. For transpiration, reliable methods also exist but are not common in ecohydrological field studies due to the required effort. Little attention has been payed to in situ xylem water isotope measurements. Research needs to focus on improving and further developing those methods. There is a need for a consistent and combined (soils and plants) methodology for ecohydrological studies. Such systems should be designed and adapted to the environment to be studied. We further conclude that many studies currently might not rely on in situ methods extensively because of the technical difficulty. Hence, future research needs to aim on developing a simplified approach that provides a reasonable trade-off between practicability and precision/accuracy.

New Concepts for Deployable-Collapsable Structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechiel Rosenfeld ◽  
Robert D. Logcher
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Emergency Shelters ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Potential Applications

Deployable-collapsable structures have many potential applications, ranging from emergency shelters and facilities, through relocatable semi-permanent structures, to space-station components. A new concept of self-stabilized/self-supported “clicking” structures – featuring stable, stress-free states in both deployed and collapsed forms – shows even greater promise. This article highlights the state-of-the-art in the field of deployable-collapsable structures and discusses their advantages and limitations. A unique concept of “clicking” structures is introduced, and its basic capabilities are presented and discussed. Finally future research needs are mapped out.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

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