scholarly journals Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil Using Biosurfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Sustainable Remediation ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Remediation Process ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of the most appropriate remediation technology must coincide with the environmental characteristics of the site. The risk to human health and the environment at the site must be reduced, and not be transferred to another site. Biosurfactants have the potential as remediation agents due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and effectiveness. Selection of biosurfactants should be based on pollutant characteristics and properties, treatment capacity, costs, regulatory requirements, and time constraints. Moreover, understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between biosurfactants and contaminants can assist in selection of the appropriate biosurfactants for sustainable remediation. Enhanced sustainability of the remediation process by biosurfactants can be achieved through the use of renewable or waste substrates, in situ production of biosurfactants, and greener production and recovery processes for biosurfactants. Future research needs are identified.

scholarly journals Family in colour: integrating colour into Sally Mann’s Family Pictures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Antonia Lepiano
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Exhibition History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Selection Of

Over her forty-year career photographer Sally Mann (b. 1951) has become synonymous with black-and white large format photography and nineteenth-century processes, used to depict her family, their environment, and the landscapes of the southern U.S.A. Yet Mann has worked with a variety of processes including colour. This thesis focuses on the printed Cibachromes and unprinted colour transparencies, taken between 1990 and 1994, that make up Mann’s Family Color collection, part of Family Pictures series, the well-known black-and-white photographs of her three children. It outlines work done in situ in the artist’s archive, the consequent discovery of a number of unprinted colour transparencies, and their integration into Mann’s studio through digitization and organization of the collection. An exploration of the production and exhibition history of Family Color is followed by a close-reading of a selection of printed colour photographs from the series, as well as the newly discovered, unprinted images. These comparisons enable the series to be situated within Mann’s larger practice opening up areas for future research.

scholarly journals Family in colour: integrating colour into Sally Mann’s Family Pictures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Antonia Lepiano
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Exhibition History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Selection Of

Over her forty-year career photographer Sally Mann (b. 1951) has become synonymous with black-and white large format photography and nineteenth-century processes, used to depict her family, their environment, and the landscapes of the southern U.S.A. Yet Mann has worked with a variety of processes including colour. This thesis focuses on the printed Cibachromes and unprinted colour transparencies, taken between 1990 and 1994, that make up Mann’s Family Color collection, part of Family Pictures series, the well-known black-and-white photographs of her three children. It outlines work done in situ in the artist’s archive, the consequent discovery of a number of unprinted colour transparencies, and their integration into Mann’s studio through digitization and organization of the collection. An exploration of the production and exhibition history of Family Color is followed by a close-reading of a selection of printed colour photographs from the series, as well as the newly discovered, unprinted images. These comparisons enable the series to be situated within Mann’s larger practice opening up areas for future research.

The disaster return-entry process: a discussion of issues, strategies and future research

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Siebeneck ◽  
Thomas J. Cova
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Disaster Science

PurposeReturn-entry is understudied in the disaster science literature. This paper provides an overview of the return-entry process, identifies key factors informing the selection of return strategy, proposes a simple classification of return strategies and offers ideas for advancing research in this area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores previous research and recent return-entry processes in order to advance understanding of strategies emergency managers employ and decisions they make when managing the return movement of evacuees home after disasters.FindingsThe paper offers new insights into the management of the return movement, proposes primary factors considered when developing return strategies and offers a framework for the selection of strategies utilized by emergency managers.Originality/valueGiven that return-entry is a burgeoning area of inquiry in disaster science, this paper advances knowledge and understanding of return-entry movements after disasters and outlines key research needs.

scholarly journals X Water Worlds and how to investigate them: A review and future perspective on <i>in situ</i> measurements of water stable isotopes in soils and plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Beyer ◽  
Maren Dubbert
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Water Isotope

Abstract. The number of ecohydrological studies involving water stable isotopes has been increasing steadily due to technological (i.e. field deployable laser spectroscopy and cheaper instruments) and methodological (i.e. tracer approaches or improvements in root water uptake models) advances in recent years. This enables researchers from a broad scientific background to incorporate water isotope-based methods into their studies. Several isotope effects are currently not fully understood, but essential when investigating root water uptake depths of vegetation and disentangle isotope processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. In particular different viewpoints exist on i) extraction methods for soil and plant water and methodological artefacts potentially introduced by them; ii) the pools of water measured with those methods and iii) spatiotemporal issues related with water stable isotope research. In situ methods have been proposed as an innovative and necessary way to address these issues and are required in order to disentangle isotope effects and take them into account when studying root water uptake depths of plants and for studying soil-plant-atmosphere interaction based on water stable isotopes. Herein, we review the current status of in situ measurements of water stable isotopes in soils and plants, point out current issues and highlight potential for future research. Moreover, we put a strong focus and incorporate practical aspects into this review. Finally, we propose an integrated methodology for measuring both soil and plant water isotopes when carrying out studies at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface. For all in situ methods, extreme care needs to be taken particularly during set-up in order to obtain reliable data. In situ methods for soils are well established. For transpiration, reliable methods also exist but are not common in ecohydrological field studies due to the required effort. Little attention has been payed to in situ xylem water isotope measurements. Research needs to focus on improving and further developing those methods. There is a need for a consistent and combined (soils and plants) methodology for ecohydrological studies. Such systems should be designed and adapted to the environment to be studied. We further conclude that many studies currently might not rely on in situ methods extensively because of the technical difficulty. Hence, future research needs to aim on developing a simplified approach that provides a reasonable trade-off between practicability and precision/accuracy.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

METHODS OF JAMMING INTERFERENCE

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Mazin ◽  
M. Yu. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Noise Immunity ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Directional Diagram ◽  
Main Method ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Selection Of

The article investigates the problem of providing high noise immunity radar under the influence of passive and intentional interference. The purpose of radio operation of the radar is to create conditions that would impede the operation of systems and minimize its effectiveness. The main method of radio transmission is still creating (staging) interference. Modern radar systems must solve the tasks in terms of electronic suppression using, including intentional interference and under severe time constraints. It is shown that the most effective way to improve the noise immunity of radar systems designed to operate in multipoint space, including non-stationary, interference is adaptive space-time processing of the received signals, based on the angular selection of targets, due to the formation of zeros in the directional diagram in the direction of interference sources. This problem is solved by determining the accuracy of the direction finding of interference sources and is achieved by the joint operation of the antenna array and multi-channel signal processing devices, namely the separation of interference signals on different receiving channels.

Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén ◽  
Mattias Forsblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dementia Diseases

In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.

scholarly journals Modelling of speleothems failure in the Hotton cave (Belgium). Is the failure earthquake induced?

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Cadorin ◽  
D. Jongmans ◽  
A. Plumier ◽  
T. Camelbeeck ◽  
S. Delaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground

AbstractTo provide quantitative information on the ground acceleration necessary to break speleothems, laboratory measurements on samples of stalagmite have been performed to study their failure in bending. Due to their high natural frequencies, speleothems can be considered as rigid bodies to seismic strong ground motion. Using this simple hypothesis and the determined mechanical properties (a minimum value of 0.4 MPa for the tensile failure stress has been considered), modelling indicates that horizontal acceleration ranging from 0.3 m/s2 to 100 m/s2 (0.03 to 10g) are necessary to break 35 broken speleothems of the Hotton cave for which the geometrical parameters have been determined. Thus, at the present time, a strong discrepancy exists between the peak accelerations observed during earthquakes and most of the calculated values necessary to break speleothems. One of the future research efforts will be to understand the reasons of the defined behaviour. It appears fundamental to perform measurements on in situ speleothems.

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