HIV Replication

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Novitsky ◽  
Max Essex
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Replication

Ultrastructural observations of human monocytes infected with HIV-1

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
James K. Koehler ◽  
Steven G. Reed ◽  
Joao S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Hiv 1

As part of a larger study involving the co-infection of human monocyte cultures with HIV and protozoan parasites, electron microscopic observations were made on the course of HIV replication and infection in these cells. Although several ultrastructural studies of the cytopathology associated with HIV infection have appeared, few studies have shown the details of virus production in “normal,” human monocytes/macrophages, one of the natural targets of the virus, and suspected of being a locus of quiescent virus during its long latent period. In this report, we detail some of the interactions of developing virons with the membranes and organelles of the monocyte host.Peripheral blood monocytes were prepared from buffy coats (Portland Red Cross) by Percoll gradient centrifugation, followed by adherence to cover slips. 90-95% pure monocytes were cultured in RPMI with 5% non-activated human AB serum for four days and infected with 100 TCID50/ml of HIV-1 for four hours, washed and incubated in fresh medium for 14 days.

Occurrence of Interleukin-2 (330 G/T) Promoter Polymorphism in ARV associated hepatotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
HariOm Singh ◽  
Nayana Nambiar ◽  
Dharmesh Samani ◽  
Raman R. Gangakhedkar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Background: IL-2 cytokine is involved in HIV replication and is also known to cause hepatic injury. Polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene are associated with altered interleukin-2 production. Methods: Hence, we assessed the prevalence of IL-2-303G/T polymorphism in 165 HIV patients (34 with and 131without hepatotoxicity) and 155 healthy controls using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: In patients with hepatotoxicity, IL-2-303GT, -303GT+TT genotypes were less prevalent as compared to without hepatotoxicity and healthy controls (29.4% vs. 42.7%, 58.8% vs. 69.5%; 29.4% vs. 40.6%, 58.8% vs. 66.5%, respectively). In patients with hepatotoxicity using tobacco and alcohol, IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes were distributed higher as compared to non-users (42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=8.52, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=9.09, and 28.6% vs. 29.6%, OR=1.63, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=2.93), while IL-2-303TT genotype occurred more often in HIV patients consuming alcohol (34.1% vs. 23.0%). Nevirapine users with hepatotoxicity overrepresented the IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes as compared to efavirenz (34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=4.64, 34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=3.88). Among nevirapine users, IL-2-303GT genotype was associated with susceptibility to the acquisition of hepatotoxicity with borderline significance (OR=4.24, P=0.06). HIV patients using nevirapine majorly represented the IL-2-303TT genotype (26.9% vs. 25.0%, OR=2.35) while HIV patients with nevirapine + alcohol usage presented the IL-2 -330TT genotype at a higher frequency (34.2% vs. 23.5%, OR=1.51). In patients with hepatotoxicity using nevirapine + alcohol, the genotype IL-2 - 330TT was predominant (60.0% vs. 27.8%, OR=3.16). Conclusion: Thus, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism did not confer the susceptibility to ARV associated hepatotoxicity. However, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism with nevirapine usage may facilitate the risk for acquisition of ARV associated hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Derived Viral Antigen-Specific T Cells Suppress HIV Replication and PD-1 Expression on CD4+ T Cells

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Mohammad Haque ◽  
Fengyang Lei ◽  
Xiaofang Xiong ◽  
Yijie Ren ◽  
Hao-Yun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Specific Ctls ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

The viral antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), i.e., PSC-CTLs, have the ability to suppress the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. After adoptive transfer, PSC-CTLs can infiltrate into the local tissues to suppress HIV replication. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the viral Ag-specific PSC-CTLs elicit the antiviral response remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we generated the functional HIV-1 Gag epitope SL9-specific CTLs from the induced PSC (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-CTLs, and investigated the suppression of SL9-specific iPSC-CTLs on viral replication and the protection of CD4+ T cells. A chimeric HIV-1, i.e., EcoHIV, was used to produce HIV replication in mice. We show that adoptive transfer of SL9-specific iPSC-CTLs greatly suppressed EcoHIV replication in the peritoneal macrophages and spleen in the animal model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adoptive transfer significantly reduced expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells in the spleen and generated persistent anti-HIV memory T cells. These results indicate that stem cell-derived viral Ag-specific CTLs can robustly accumulate in the local tissues to suppress HIV replication and prevent CD4+ T cell exhaustion through reduction of PD-1 expression.

Role of interferons in the restriction of HIV replication in human monocytes/macrophages

1994 ◽  
Vol 145 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gessani ◽  
P. Puddu ◽  
B. Varano ◽  
P. Borghi ◽  
L. Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Hiv Replication
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