The Role of Host Plants in the Speciation of Treehoppers: An example from the Enchenopa binotata Complex

1981 ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Wood ◽  
Sheldon I. Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants

Role of Host Plants in Population Dynamics of Stink Bug 1 Pests of Soybean in South Carolina 2

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walker A. Jones ◽  
M. J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stink Bug

scholarly journals Dodder-transmitted mobile signals prime host plants for enhanced salt tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalan Li ◽  
Jingxiong Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Guojing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Systemic Signals

Abstract The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are a genus of shoot parasites. In nature, a dodder often simultaneously parasitizes two or more neighboring hosts. Salt stress is a common abiotic stress for plants. It is unclear whether dodder transmits physiologically relevant salt stress-induced systemic signals among its hosts and whether these systemic signals affect the hosts’ tolerance to salt stress. Here, we simultaneously parasitized two or more cucumber plants with dodder. We found that salt treatment of one host highly primed the connected host, which showed strong decreases in the extent of leaf withering and cell death in response to subsequent salt stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 24 h after salt treatment of one cucumber, the transcriptome of the other dodder-connected cucumber largely resembled that of the salt-treated one, indicating that inter-plant systemic signals primed these dodder-connected cucumbers at least partly through transcriptomic reconfiguration. Furthermore, salt treatment of one of the cucumbers induced physiological changes, including altered proline contents, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rates, in both of the dodder-connected cucumbers. This study reveals a role of dodder in mediating salt-induced inter-plant signaling among dodder-connected hosts and highlights the physiological function of these mobile signals in plant–plant interactions under salt stress.

scholarly journals ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201311
Author(s):  
Paulina Kowalski ◽  
Michael Baum ◽  
Marcel Körten ◽  
Alexander Donath ◽  
Susanne Dobler
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Chrysochus Auratus ◽  
Defensive Glands ◽  
The One ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defence. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle Chrysochus auratus and analysed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species's host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood–brain barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.

Alternative inoculum sources for fire blight: the potential role of fruit mummies and non-host plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Weißhaupt ◽  
L. Köhl ◽  
S. Kunz ◽  
M. Hinze ◽  
M. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Fruit Mummies

scholarly journals Role of Winter Host Plants in Vineyard Colonization and Phenology ofZygina rhamni(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mazzoni ◽  
G. Anfora ◽  
C. Ioriatti ◽  
A. Lucchi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioprotectors of Crops Against Verticillium Wilt—A Hypothetical Scenario Under Changing Environmental Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Amf Communities

The association that many crops can establish with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soils can enhance the resistance of the host plants against several pathogens, including Verticillium spp. The increased resistance of mycorrhizal plants is mainly due to the improved nutritional and water status of crops and to enhanced antioxidant metabolism and/or increased production of secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. However, the effectiveness of AMF in protecting their host plants against Verticillium spp. may vary depending on the environmental factors. Some environmental factors, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the availability of soil water and the air and soil temperatures, are predicted to change drastically by the end of the century. The present paper discusses to what extent the climate change may influence the role of AMF in protecting crops against Verticillium-induced wilt, taking into account the current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects that the changing environment can exert on AMF communities in soils and on the symbiosis between crops and AMF, as well as on the development, incidence and impact of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Gall Wasp Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Egan ◽  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
James R. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Respective Host

Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats. While a potential barrier to gene flow during ecological speciation, the effect of habitat isolation on reproductive isolation has rarely been directly tested. Herein, we first estimated habitat preference for each of six populations of the gall waspBelonocnema treataeinhabiting eitherQuercus virginianaorQ. geminata. We then estimated the importance of habitat isolation in generating reproductive isolation betweenB. treataepopulations that were host specific to eitherQ. virginianaorQ. geminataby measuring mate preference in the presence and absence of the respective host plants. All populations exhibited host preference for their native plant, and assortative mating increased significantly in the presence of the respective host plants. This host-plant-mediated assortative mating demonstrates that habitat isolation likely plays an important role in promoting reproductive isolation among populations of this host-specific gall former.

The Role of Host Plants in the Dynamics of Populations of Heliothis Spp. 1 , 2

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Graham ◽  
N. S. Hernandez ◽  
J. R. Llanes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

The Role of Host Selection in the Ecology of Phytophagous Insects

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thorsteinson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Suitable Host

It is a commonplace entomological observation that each phytophagous insect is restricted in its feeding to a small fraction only of the plant species that grow in any area. This phenomenon is generally referred to as “host selection”. The ecological significance of host plant selection among insects is manifest principally in an effect on the geographical distribution of insect species since phytophagous insects can occur only where suitable host plants are available.

Separation of various Frankia strains in the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups using sugar analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. St-Laurent ◽  
J. Bousquet ◽  
L. Simon ◽  
M. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Respective Host

To confirm the role of glycosides in the taxonomy of Frankia, 79 strains initially isolated from Alnus spp., Myrica spp., Comptonia sp., Elaeagnus spp., Shepherdia spp., and Hippophaë sp. host plants were tested for relative sugar content after 2 and 8 weeks of growth. Gas chromatography was used to separate the trimethylsilyl derivatives of sugars present in whole-cell hydrolysates of the Frankia strains; six sugars were quantitatively analyzed including 2-O-methyl-D-mannose, a sugar ubiquitous in the genus Frankia. The separation of the Frankia strains into their appropriate host specificity group (Alnus or Elaeagnus), based only on the sugar content, was achieved using statistical analyses of observations at 2 and 8 weeks. All statistical analyses correlated together and showed a significant separation between both host specificity groups. 2-O-Methyl-D-mannose, the concentration of which varied greatly between the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups, was the most discriminant sugar. Moreover, it was constant at both ages. From discriminant analysis, the separation of the various Frankia strains tested into their respective host specificity group was more precise at 2 weeks with a classification success of 97%, as compared with 78% at 8 weeks. The Myrica gale isolates that nodulated host plants from both host specificity groups were generally intermediate in their sugar content between the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups.

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