Bowel Habit — Constipation, Diarrhea and Laxative Use

1996 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Kune
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Laxative Use

Varicose Veins and Arteriovenous Shunts: A Review

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Causative Factors

The pathogenesis of the development of varicose veins remains obscure, and there have been many theories suggesting the primary cause. Recognized predisposing factors include age, sex, race, weight, height, pregnancy, diet, erect stance, clothes, alcohol, heredity, bowel habit and occupation. However the primary causative factors have centred around vein wall weaknesses, valvular deficiencies, and haemodynamic effects. This review looks at the evidence for and against arteriovenous anastomoses being the initiating factor in the development of varicose veins.

Update on Orofacial Granulomatosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther A Hullah ◽  
Michael P Escudier
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Orofacial Granulomatosis ◽  
Altered Bowel Habit ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Affected Tissue

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a condition manifesting clinically with chronic swelling of the mouth and/or face, notably with swelling of the lips and oral mucosa, a full-thickness, erythematous gingivitis and mucosal ulceration of various clinical types.1 Some patients may also present with neurological findings, for example facial palsy. Biopsy of affected tissue shows lymphoedema, with or without granulomatous inflammation. The oral lesions in OFG are histologically indistinguishable from the oral lesions in Crohn's disease (CD) and other systemic granulomatous disorders. It is a condition which may respond to the exclusion of certain food-related chemicals from the diet in up to 60% of patients and, as such, is distinct from gastrointestinal CD.2 CD is a relapsing systemic inflammatory disease which predominantly affects the gut, and patients suffering from this disease frequently present with abdominal pain, fever and altered bowel habit.3 A proportion of patients with clinical OFG (without other systemic disease) may have asymptomatic gastrointestinal involvement or go on to develop gut CD2,4 suggesting an association between the two diseases. It is estimated that 1% of CD sufferers may have a diagnosis of OFG, but the majority of patients in specialist OFG clinics do not have gut symptoms.2

scholarly journals Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Peter Finnegan ◽  
Richard A. Stecker ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact

Glucosamine (GLU) is a natural compound found in cartilage, and supplementation with glucosamine has been shown to improve joint heath and has been linked to reduced mortality rates. GLU is poorly absorbed and may exhibit functional properties in the gut. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of glucosamine on gastrointestinal function as well as changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome. Healthy males (n = 6) and females (n = 5) (33.4 ± 7.7 years, 174.1 ± 12.0 cm, 76.5 ± 12.9 kg, 25.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2, n = 11) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned three weeks separated by a washout period that lasted two weeks. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, participants ingested a daily dose of GLU hydrochloride (3000 mg GlucosaGreen®, TSI Group Ltd., USA) or maltodextrin placebo. Study participants completed bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires in addition to providing a stool sample that was analyzed for fecal microbiota and metabolome at baseline and after the completion of each supplementation period. GLU significantly reduced stomach bloating and showed a trend towards reducing constipation and hard stools. Phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and proportions of Pseudomonadaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Bacillaceae were significantly reduced following GLU consumption. GLU supplementation significantly reduced individual, total branched-chain, and total amino acid excretion, with no glucosamine being detected in any of the fecal samples. GLU had no effect on fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. GLU supplementation provided functional gut health benefits and induced fecal microbiota and metabolome changes.

Melanosis coli is associated with an increase in colonic epithelial apoptosis and not with laxative use

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. BYERS ◽  
P. MARSH ◽  
D. PARKINSON ◽  
N.Y. HABOUBI
Keyword(s):  
Laxative Use ◽  
Melanosis Coli

Sa1649 - The Diagnostic Value of a Change in Bowel Habit for Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-341-S-342
Author(s):  
Minea S. McCulloch ◽  
Imran Aziz ◽  
Annikka V. Polster ◽  
Andreas-Bernd Pischel ◽  
Henrik Stålsmeden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Bowel Habit

scholarly journals Diagnostic Stewardship Effectively Reduces Healthcare-Onset Clostridioides difficile Infections and Concurrent Laxative Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s189-s191
Author(s):  
Dipesh Solanky ◽  
Ian Drobish ◽  
Derek Juang ◽  
Scott Johns ◽  
Sanjay Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Medication Cost ◽  
Laxative Use ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Test Ordering

Background:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) accounts for >500,000 community-, nursing-, and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), as well as 15,000–30,000 deaths, and =$4.8 billion in the United States annually. C. difficile toxin B gene nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) cannot distinguish between active CDI and colonization, particularly in the setting of laxative use or enteral feeding. Lack of judicious testing can result in the incorrect diagnosis of CDI, unnecessary CDI treatment, increased costs, and falsely augmented HAI rates. Like many healthcare facilities, the VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) solely utilizes C. difficile NAAT for CDI diagnosis. The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate a facility-wide initiative at the VASDHS to reduce healthcare onset, healthcare facility associated CDI (HO-HCFA CDI), including the use of a test ordering algorithm. Methods: From fiscal year (FY) 2015–2018, various measures were implemented including a hand hygiene initiative, reduction in fluoroquinolone usage, prompt isolation of patients with CDI, thorough terminal cleaning of rooms, and, lastly, a test-ordering algorithm starting FY2018. A retrospective study was performed to assess VASDHS HO-HCFA CDI case incidence, risk factors for infection, laxative or enteral feeding use at the time of testing, and CDI treatment. Results: Patient demographic data, medical history, CDI history, laxative use, treatment, and cost of CDI treatment were reviewed. From 2015 to 2018, 127 cases of HO-HCFA CDI were identified. The total number of HO-HCFA CDI cases and medication cost for CDI treatment were dramatically reduced from 2017 to 2018 following implementation of the test-ordering algorithm (Table 1, Fig. 1). This trend corresponded to a significant reduction in median HO-HCFA CDI cases per month (P = .02), medication cost of CDI treatment (P = .02), and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use at the time of testing (P = .01). The number of positive HO-HCFA CDI cases associated with laxative use or escalation at the time of CDI testing (accounting for those on chronic laxatives) also decreased across the study period—most dramatically from 2015 vs 2016 (20 vs 14) and 2017 vs 2018 (11 vs 4) (Table 1). Conclusions: At the VASDHS, diagnostic stewardship of C. difficile NAAT with the use of a test-ordering algorithm significantly reduced HO-HCFA CDI incidence and treatment cost. This trend also corresponded with significantly less PPI use at the time of testing and reduced detection of colonization among patients with laxative-induced diarrhea. Diagnostic stewardship may serve as an effective tool to correctly diagnose and treat HO-HCFA CDI, while significantly reducing treatment costs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Small cell rectal cancer: a therapeutic challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e244108
Author(s):  
Alex Fitzhugh ◽  
Alison Corr ◽  
Arshi Denton ◽  
Anthony Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Disease

A generally well 71-year-old man presented to his general practitioner with altered bowel habit and haematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed a malignant-appearing rectal mass, with histological features of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) of the rectum. Imaging demonstrated limited stage disease with a threatened circumferential resection margin. He was treated with a modified platinum chemoradiotherapy regimen for small cell lung cancer with an excellent response. Unfortunately, his cardiac function precluded surgery at the time and the patient subsequently developed hepatic metastases with local disease recurrence, and died 15 months following his initial diagnosis. Rectal EPSCC is a rare diagnosis, and this case represented a challenge for the multidisciplinary team given the limited evidence base. Medical therapy reflects extrapolation of small cell lung cancer treatment and the role of surgery is less clearly defined given aggressive and refractory disease is common. Immunotherapy, however, represents an exciting development for metastatic disease.

An Unusual Case of Pelvic Appendicitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Michael A. LaCombe
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Gross Hematuria ◽  
Misleading Interpretation

The atypical signs and symptoms, the misleading interpretation of symptoms by the patient's family, and the remarkable radiograph in the following case emphasize the difficulty in early diagnosis of pelvic appendicitis. CASE REPORT A 10-year-old boy came to the Emergency Department of Community Memorial Hospital, Toms River, New Jersey, complaining of pain in the pubic bone of four hours' duration. His mother thought he might have fallen on the cross-bar of his bike and was concerned about a possible fracture of the pelvis. The boy denied any nausea, vomiting, anorexia, or change in bowel habit and had no pain elsewhere. He had noticed no gross hematuria.

ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL ABSCESS A RARE PRESENTATION OF LEFT SIDED COLONIC CARCINOMA: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE FOR A GENERAL SURGEON

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Sukanta Sikdar ◽  
Mala Mistri ◽  
Subhabrata Das ◽  
Dibyendu Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Colonic Carcinoma ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Abdominal Abscess ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Colon ◽  
History Of

Background: The various presentations of carcinoma of the colon are well known. Abscess formation occurs in 0.3 to 0.4% and is the second most common complication of perforated lesions. Perforation and penetration of adjacent organs with intra-abdominal abscess formation as the initial presentation is uncommon. It is difcult to make an accurate diagnosis of abscess formation as the rst evidence of colonic carcinoma preoperatively. A 68 yrs old female who presented to the ED with acute onset of left lower abdominal f Case presentation: ullness, pain and local redness for 15 days. She denied any history of vomiting, fever, anorexia but history of altered bowel habit. Clinically she had a palpable lump (20 x15) cm in left lumber region .The lump was parietal with local raise of temperature , redness and tenderness can be elicited . So our initial impression was parietal wall abscess and we underwent emergency drainage of abscess. She had uneventful recovery and discharged after 2 weeks. She was admitted with similar presentation in previous location 30 days after discharge. Now we investigate thoroughly, a CECT scan of whole abdomen which conrms radio-logically as carcinoma of descending colon with abscess extending into the parietal wall .We underwent an exploratory laparotomy and HPE proven as adenocarcinoma of the colon. Post op she developed SSI which was managed with regular dressing and she was discharged in post-op day 20. We report this case because of an unusual Conclusion: presentation of left sided colonic Ca. The accurate preoperative diagnosis of these conditions extremely complicated because of the fuzzy clinical presentation. The CT scan can diagnose malignancy pre-operatively, even if the denitive diagnosis of colonic perforated neoplasia may be evident only during surgery. So early diagnosis and prompted intervention can save the patient to developed sepsis and to reduce signicantly the morbidity and mortality. The importance is to focus on the differential diagnosis and keep in mind that a colon carcinoma can present with abdominal abscess. Surgeons should be aware of this differential because it is easily ignored pre-operatively.

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