The Change of Party–State Relations in Advanced Democracies: A Party–Specific Development or Broader Societal Trend?

2013 ◽  
pp. 231-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
State Relations ◽  
Party State ◽  
Advanced Democracies

“Ecclesiastical Authority Terror”. The Downgrading of the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to Mission Parish in 1956

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Gábor Lányi
Keyword(s):  
Reformed Church ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
State Relations ◽  
New Situation ◽  
The Church ◽  
Party State

"On 24 May 1956, Délpest Reformed Diocese – by the consent of the Danubi-an Reformed Church District– downgraded the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to the status of mission parish. The 700 members strong, almost 400 hundred years old parish’s chief elder was also relieved of his duties whilst the consistory was dis-solved. The downgrading of the long-standing parish, the dissolution of the elected consistory, and the deprivation of its right to elect its minister gave rise to protests both inside and outside the parish. An array of scandals, disciplinary issues, and dif-ficult as well as intricate lawsuits followed. The matter also generated waves in the entire Reformed Church since the presidium of the diocese overlooked the ecclesias-tic rules and regulations, ordering the downgrade without the consent of the dioce-san assembly –also assisted by the presidium of the church district–, accepting the new situation and appointing the mission minister. The case of Szigetszentmiklós is a great example to understand the global pic-ture of the actions taken against the disloyal ministers and consistories by the ecclesi-astic governance intertwined with the one-party state. Keywords: Hungarian Reformed Church during communism, church–state relations during communism, 20th-century history of the Reformed Church in Hungary, cold war, Albert Bereczky, Szigetszentmiklós."

scholarly journals Democracy and the Entanglement of Political Parties and the State: Party–State Relations in 20th-Century France, Italy, and Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-70
Author(s):  
P. (Pepijn) Corduwener
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
State Party ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Historical Turn ◽  
Electoral Laws ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Party State

This article makes a plea for a historical turn in the study of party–state relations. Building on recent insights on the role of political parties in institution-making which have emerged in the historical sciences, it suggests that the deployment of a historical institutionalist perspective can tackle the difficulties in isolating the causal mechanisms and identifying empirical indicators of party–state entanglement, which stand at the foreground of political science studies into the contemporary crisis of democracy in the West. Based on a analysis of institutional reforms of party state relations such as party laws, constitutions, and electoral laws in France, Italy, and Germany over the course of the 20th century, this article demonstrates how, other than the democratic problem which it is considered to be today, the entanglement of party and state not only had long historical roots but also made a major contribution to the democratization of Europe.

Party-State Relations and Soviet Political Development

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Development ◽  
System Change ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Sports Arena ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Party State

One of the preoccupations of students of Soviet and communist politics in the past decade or so has been the problem of system change. There can be no doubt that in a number of fundamental respects the Soviet Union today bears little resemblance to the totalitarian model bequeathed by Stalin. In particular, despite the well publicized attempts to stifle vocal opposition, the abandonment of the capricious and widespread use of terror has brought about a radical modification in the life of the mass of the population and party membership. Equally significant has been the rise in living standards, over the past decade especially. Perhaps also of relevance to the average citizen, envious of and apprehensive towards foreigners – particularly Chinese and Germans – is the Soviet leadership's tangible success in reaching some form of accommodation with the country's main ideological adversaries, and the rise in prestige stemming from the USSR's achievements in space and in the international sports arena. Hence, for probably the majority of Soviet citizens, taking a broad view, Harold Macmillan's British election slogan of 1959 would be quite apposite: they have never had it so good.

Beyond Duverger: party ideology, party-state relations and informal finance strategies in advanced democracies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-525
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer ◽  
Evelyn Bytzek
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Informal Finance ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Leftist Parties ◽  
Elected Office ◽  
Advanced Democracies

This article examines one widespread but widely overlooked informal party practice to access state resources indirectly: the ‘taxing’ of MP salaries, which obliges candidates who win elected office on a party ticket to regularly donate a fixed share of their private income to party coffers. Linking Duverger’s classical approach on party organization that stresses the importance of party–society relations with the more recent, highly influential cartel party theory that argues that parties are shaped by their relationship with the state, we specify factors that shape the acceptability of this informal practice and thus parties’ capacity to extract rent from their MPs. The analysis of an original dataset covering parties across a wide range of advanced democracies reveals that demanding salary transfers from national MPs to their parties are not only more common in leftist parties as argued by Duverger but also in systems in which the penetration of the state apparatus by political parties is intense as argued by the cartel party approach. Linking the two perspectives further reveals that ideological differences between parties shape their relative capacity to collect higher payments from MPs in systems where parties and the state are less intertwined.

scholarly journals Structural Reforms and CPC Power after the Third CPC Plenum, and the 1st Session of the 13th NPC

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJELD ERIK BRØDSGAARD ◽  
NIS GRÜNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
People's Congress ◽  
Party State

In February and March 2018 the 3rd Plenum of the 19th CPC Congress and the first meeting of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC) were held. During these meetings, important and far-reaching structural reforms were adopted, including constitutional amendments, restructurings of the government and the relationship between Party and state. Structural reforms are common at the outset of a new fi ve-year NPC term, and it is important to understand these reforms as part of an ongoing process. The recent reforms, however, were remarkable in the way they rearranged Party–state relations and bolstered not only the Party but, importantly, Xi Jinping's authority as core leader. This article provides a detailed overview of the major changes in constitution, government structure (ministries and state departments), personnel and Party authority.

Governing the “Constitutional Vacuum” – Federalism, Rule of Law, and Politburo Politics in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Wenzhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
China Studies ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Party State

By focusing on the underlit corners of authoritarian governance in China, this article challenges the thesis that constitutions matter to authoritarian regimes because they provide solutions for problems of governance. We argue to the contrary: the constitution appeals to the Chinese Communist Party (the Party or the ccp) because it does not provide solutions to fundamental issues of governance. Instead, such issues are kept out of the constitution so that they can be addressed by the Party through other regulatory mechanisms outside of the constitutional realm. In support of our thesis, we provide a unique review of the most up-to-date authoritative research on three key constitutional issues: central-local relations, party-state relations and power relations in the Politburo. These three issues correspond to three distinctive fields in China studies that were treated only in isolation but here we consider them together under the single framework of authoritarian constitutional governance.

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