Struktur Pemerintahan Palembang Syu Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang Tahun 1942-1945

This study discusses the government structure of Palembang during the Japanese occupation in 1942-1945, especially regarding the Syu government. The research method used is historical or historical research methods. The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge and dig deeper into the history of Palembang City and also to highlight the historical traces of the Palembang regional political system during the reign of Japan. This research is related to the Syu government system or called Residency. The results of this study are that before the Japanese came and colonized the archipelago, the Palembang area had rules made by the Dutch and customary law then Japan arrived in Sumatra and issued a new law called Seirei (Osamu Seirei), this rule book discusses military government, which levels consist of Syuugun (residence), Bansyuu (sub-residence), Gun (district), and Son (sub-district), the unique thing is that even though it seems to have changed, in fact, the constitutional structure is the same as the previous system but only changes in terms. Penelitian ini membahas tentang struktur pemerintahan Palembang pada masa pendudukan Jepang tahun 1942-1945 khususnya mengenai pemerintahan Syu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah atau historis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan serta menggali lebih dalam mengenai sejarah di Kota Palembang juga mengangkat jejak historis dari sistem politik daerah Palembang saat berkuasanya Jepang. Penelitian ini terkait sistem pemerintahan Syu atau disebut Keresidenan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebelum Jepang datang dan menjajah wilayah nusantara, daerah Palembang telah terdapat aturan yang dibuat Belanda serta hukum adat kemudian Jepang tiba di Sumatera dan mengeluarkan sebuah Undang-undang baru bernama Seirei (Osamu Seirei), kitab aturan ini membahas tentang pemerintahan militer, yang mana tingkatannya terdiri atas Syuugun (Karesidenan), Bansyuu (sub karesidenan), Gun (distrik), dan Son (subdistrik), uniknya walaupun terkesan berubah tetapi sebenarnya susunan ketatanegaraan ini sama dengan sistem sebelumnya namun hanya mengalami pergantian istilah.

Analysis of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd political thoughts in the context Pakistani political system

This study was aimed to comparatively analyse the political thoughts of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd, and their possible implications in the current Pakistani political system. A qualitative method was chosen to conduct the study and they were collected from secondary sources. Besides, content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The role of politics considered a significant part of human’s life, since time immemorial. In terms of epistemological meaning, politics has a deep relation with power. Different kind of ordinances and law documents was collected related to public law in one place by Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd. No society, community, city, or even any country did not prevail, without an effective constitution or government structure. The famous scholar Ibn Rushd highlighted the political injustice and failure of the secular political laws which claimed to provide and established justice in the Islamic society. Muslims have bottomless faith in the political teachings of Islam taught by Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH), His companions to accomplish in their communities. Al-Marwardi and Ibn Rushd School of thought, was greatly focused on the teaching of Islam in the modern world. It was recommended that there is a need for the implementation of the Islamic laws and rules in the society, to meet the laws of Islam for the prosperity of the society.

Revitalization of Ancient Institutions: The 1394 Governance Code for the Joseon Dynasty of Korea by Jeong Do-jeon

<p>The Code of Governance for the Joseon Dynasty written by Jeong Do-jeon in 1394 was the first legal document written in justification of a new Korean dynasty. The eminent Korean historian Han Young-woo has credited the political scheme formulated in the Code for promoting democratic ideas of power separation. This study argues that the Code cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure in this way, as it was primarily concerned with revitalizing idealized Confucian institutions mobilized by the ideological force of weixin 維新 (revitalization) of guzhi 古制 (ancient institutions) and with creating a society modelled on Confucian values and hierarchical order laid out in the Chinese work, the Zhouli (Rites of Zhou). In his Code, Jeong used this system of government structure as the principle of ancient state institutions, to justify the position of the new Joseon throne, and he also adopted the legal format of the 1331 Yuan law book, Jingshi dadian, in which royal authority took precedence over that of the government. This study emphasizes not only Jeong Do-jeon’s conservative adherence to the continuity of state institutions from the previous Goryeo dynasty (a replica of the Chinese Tang and Song systems), but also the priority he gave to the new Joseon monarch as a stabilizing force within the new dynasty, and argues that the Code was written to ensure continuity and priority, and cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure.</p>

Revitalization of Ancient Institutions: The 1394 Governance Code for the Joseon Dynasty of Korea by Jeong Do-jeon

<p>The Code of Governance for the Joseon Dynasty written by Jeong Do-jeon in 1394 was the first legal document written in justification of a new Korean dynasty. The eminent Korean historian Han Young-woo has credited the political scheme formulated in the Code for promoting democratic ideas of power separation. This study argues that the Code cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure in this way, as it was primarily concerned with revitalizing idealized Confucian institutions mobilized by the ideological force of weixin 維新 (revitalization) of guzhi 古制 (ancient institutions) and with creating a society modelled on Confucian values and hierarchical order laid out in the Chinese work, the Zhouli (Rites of Zhou). In his Code, Jeong used this system of government structure as the principle of ancient state institutions, to justify the position of the new Joseon throne, and he also adopted the legal format of the 1331 Yuan law book, Jingshi dadian, in which royal authority took precedence over that of the government. This study emphasizes not only Jeong Do-jeon’s conservative adherence to the continuity of state institutions from the previous Goryeo dynasty (a replica of the Chinese Tang and Song systems), but also the priority he gave to the new Joseon monarch as a stabilizing force within the new dynasty, and argues that the Code was written to ensure continuity and priority, and cannot be considered as an attempt to introduce a new power structure.</p>

An Analysis of e-Governance and Its Impact on the Profitability of MSMEs: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

The article studies e-governance and its impact on the performance of MSMEs in India using a structural model. The model contains three main variables: use of e-governance by the MSMEs, the benefits attained by using e-governance (a mediating variable), and the change in performance due to the use of e-governance and benefits attained. The profitability of the firm is a measure of performance in the study. The study was done in collaboration with PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The data was collected using the survey method, in which a close-ended questionnaire was circulated to the top executives of MSMEs. Out of 3,126 registered MSMEs (registered during FY 2017–2018), 350 random samples were taken into consideration for this study. A response rate of 83.7% was attained. Statistical techniques such as EFA, CFA and SEM have been used in this study to confirm the model, using SPSS and AMOS software. The model proposed in the study fits well both theoretically and empirically in the Indian context, and clearly shows the significant impact of e-governance use on the business performance of MSMEs. The study also shows that the benefits of e-governance have a partial mediating impact on the relationship between e-governance and the profitability of the business. The structured model presented in the study would be useful for practitioners (government bodies, government officials and e-government practitioners) in making vital decisions while designing an effective e-government structure for enterprises.

The Philosophy Of Sunan Gunung Jati’s Petatah-Petitih: The Contributions To Kuwu Ethical Leadership In Cirebon Regency

This study is focused on the philosophy of Sunan Gunung Jati's petatah-petitih (proverb) and the contribution to the Kuwu (leaders at the local government structure/ village chief) ethical leadership in Cirebon Regency. The material object of this study covers the philosophy of petatah-petitih written by Sunan Gunung Jati while the formal object is social philosophy concerning the local culture. This phenomenological study aims to uncover the insight of Sunan Gunung Jati's philosophy and social phenomena that explain the research problem. This study seeks to examine three things: (1) what is the philosophy of Sunan Gunung Jati's petatah-petitih?, (2) how is the ethical leadership of Sunan Gunung Jati?, and (3) What are the contributions of the philosophy of petatah-petitih to Kuwu ethical leadership in Cirebon Regency?. The findings of this study underline the strong influence of Sunan Gunung Jati's petatah-petitih to the leaders at the local government structure in Cirebon Regency. The moral values in the Sunan Gunung Jati's leadership system are implied in the petatah-petitih and leadership behaviors. The values of the petatah-petitih encompass noble teachings that must be possessed by a leader. The values are broadly categorized into four groups, namely the teachings on faith and devotion, teachings on wisdom, teachings on discipline, and teachings on manner and politeness. These four teachings can be grouped into philosophical ethics in the form of theistic ethics, personal ethics, and social ethics.

Investments in innovative projects based on universities

Вызовы, которые стоят перед правительствами стран в вопросах построения цифровой экономики, это, прежде всего, недостаточный уровень осведомленности в особенностях внедрения и практической реализации цифровой стратегии развития, за недостаточный уровень образованности работников, которым не хватает необходимых навыков для работы с современными цифровыми технологиями. Как показывает исследование цифровых стратегий 35 стран, обычно разработкой государственной цифровой стратегии развития занимается министерство или орган, которое не может профессионально подойти к данной проблематике из-за недостатка необходимых специалистов, сведущих в цифровых технологиях. Следующей серьезной проблемой внедрения институциональных преобразований инвестиционной составляющей цифровой стратегии развития является необходимость обеспечения действенной системы координации ее реализации на всех уровнях – правительств, отраслей, регионов, предприятий и тому подобное. Стоит отметить, что проблема координации цифрового развития и разработки цифровой стратегии характерна и для развитых стран. В 15 из 35 стран ОЭСР, для которых проводился анализ, вопросами цифрового развития занимаются министерства, которые не являются профессиональными; только 8 стран создали специальную правительственную структуру для разработки и реализации соответствующей стратегии; в 6 странах разработкой цифровой стратегии развития экономики занимаются сразу несколько министерств и органов государственного управления без эффективной координации действий. Только в 4 странах – Австрии, Люксембурге, Мексике и Словацкой Республике – назначен чиновника высокого уровня из Администрации Президента, канцелярии Премьер Министра или профильных министерств, который занимается координацией всех мероприятий, направленных на реализацию национальной цифровой стратегии развития. The challenges that the governments of the countries face in building a digital economy are, first of all, the insufficient level of awareness in the specifics of the implementation and practical implementation of the digital development strategy, for the insufficient level of education of employees who lack the necessary skills to work with modern digital technologies. As the study of digital strategies of 35 countries shows, usually the development of a state digital development strategy is carried out by a ministry or body that cannot professionally approach this problem due to the lack of necessary specialists who are knowledgeable in digital technologies. The next serious problem of implementing institutional transformations of the investment component of the digital development strategy is the need to ensure an effective system for coordinating its implementation at all levels – governments, industries, regions, enterprises, etc. It is worth noting that the problem of coordinating digital development and developing a digital strategy is also characteristic of developed countries. In 15 of the 35 OECD countries for which the analysis was conducted, digital development issues are handled by ministries that are not professional; only 8 countries have created a special government structure for the development and implementation of an appropriate strategy; in 6 countries, several ministries and public administration bodies are engaged in the development of a digital strategy for economic development at once without effective coordination of actions. Only 4 countries – Austria, Luxembourg, Mexico and the Slovak Republic-have appointed a high-level official from the Presidential Administration, the Prime Minister's Office or relevant ministries, who is responsible for coordinating all activities aimed at implementing the national digital development strategy.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN NARKOBA MELALUI PENYULUHAN HUKUM DI DESA JURU MAPIN KECAMATAN BUER SUMBAWA

ABSTRAKPenyebaran narkoba di Indonesia sudah masuk dalam zona kritis. Area penyebarannya semakin luas dan menyasar segala kalangan. Fenomena tersebut membutuhkan upaya penanganan dan penanggulangan serius dari seluruh elemen masyarakat. Salah satu strategi efetif penanggulangan narkoba dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan peran pemerintah desa dalam melaksanakan tugas pembinaan masyarakat sebagaimana dimanatkan dalam Pasal 26 (1) Undang undang No 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa. Sebagai ujung tombak pelaksana tugas pemerintah dalam struktur pemerintahan terendah, pemerintah desa bertanggungjawab dalam hal penanggulangan dan penanganan problem sosial seperti masalah narkoba. Strategi penanggulangan narkoba dapat dilakukan melalui program penyuluhan hukum oleh institusi terkait secara kontinu kepada masyarakat di tingkat desa. Program tersebut menjadi sarana transfer pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang efektif kepada masyarakat desa tentang dampak dan bahaya narkoba terhadap diri pribadi, ketertiban dan ketentraman lingkungan. Kata kunci: penguatan peran; pemerintah desa; penanggulangan narkoba ABSTRACTThe spread of drugs in Indonesia has entered a critical zone. The area of its spread is getting wider and targets all circles. This phenomenon requires serious handling and overcoming efforts from all elements of society. One of the effective strategies for dealing with drugs can be done through increasing the role of the village government in carrying out community development tasks as stipulated in Article 26 (1) of Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages. As the spearhead of implementing government tasks in the lowest government structure, the village government is responsible for overcoming and handling social problems such as drug problems. A drug control strategy can be carried out through a legal counseling program by related institutions continuously to the community at the village level. The program is a means of effective transfer of knowledge and understanding to the village community about the impact and dangers of drugs on individuals, environmental order and tranquility. Keywords: role strengthening; village government; drug management

The Emergence and Evolution of Slavery Legislation in Antebellum Louisiana

Louisiana emerged from the periphery of the American colonies to form a powerful commercial and economic center. The state’s development of sovereignty, wealth, infrastructure, and legislation relied heavily on the unsalaried labor of Enslaved individuals. The chattel slave market particularly shaped the state’s government structure and character. Slavery legislation developed with the influence European legal traditions. Beginning with the enactment of the French ordonnance, Code Noir, and finally the Spanish oartacion. These legislative forces influenced the drafting and enactment of the Louisiana’s first Civil Code in 1808. This Code married the ideals of French, Spanish, Roman, and English legal traditions. It established Enslaved individuals position as subordinate, expendable property. This legal commodification of human beings occurred over centuries and continues to persist as a barrier for equality and justice for all. The legal legacy of slavery legislation in the United States continues to impact the field in the present moment.

TELAAH PROSES SUKSESI KHILAFAH PADA MATERI SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM MASA KHULAFAURRASYIDIN KELAS X MADRASAH ALIYAH

Learn history can help someone to determine several options that will be made, how to act, and also to know all of the factor failure as well as the success in the past. So that's why material of history must be explained comprehensively in order to the wisdom that have taken by it is historical episodes would be implemented for students. Material study in this discussion is succession process of khilafah on the material history of Islamic development class X at senior high school. It turns out found that no standard system or procedure in the Islamic government. Proven by processes selecting leaders of Islam society in the Khulafaurrasyidin periods, almost all of them implementing different systems. There are similar aspects on the Khulafaurrasyidin systems includes candidates inauguration assessed by criterias of seniority, pieties, most can be keep integrity and entity of Islam societies. Ijtihad space given in Islam to implement government structure based on the people's wishes. That matter occurs cause of no postulate found about state concept.