Herpes Simplex and Epstein-Barr Viruses in Human Cells and Tissues: A Study in Contrasts

1975 ◽  
pp. 241-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Roizman ◽  
Elliott D. Kieff
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

scholarly journals HCF1 and OCT2 Cooperate with EBNA1 To Enhance OriP-Dependent Transcription and Episome Maintenance of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 5353-5367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraju Dheekollu ◽  
Andreas Wiedmer ◽  
Daniel Sentana-Lledo ◽  
Joel Cassel ◽  
Troy Messick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes latent infections as multicopy episomes with complex patterns of viral gene transcription and chromatin structure. The EBV origin of plasmid replication (OriP) has been implicated as a critical control element for viral transcription, as well as viral DNA replication and episome maintenance. Here, we examine cellular factors that bind OriP and regulate histone modification, transcription regulation, and episome maintenance. We found that OriP is enriched for histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation in multiple cell types and latency types. Host cell factor 1 (HCF1), a component of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) histone methyltransferase complex, and transcription factor OCT2 (octamer-binding transcription factor 2) bound cooperatively with EBNA1 (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1) at OriP. Depletion of OCT2 or HCF1 deregulated latency transcription and histone modifications at OriP, as well as the OriP-regulated latency type-dependent C promoter (Cp) and Q promoter (Qp). HCF1 depletion led to a loss of histone H3K4me3 (trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4) and H3 acetylation at Cp in type III latency and Qp in type I latency, as well as an increase in heterochromatic H3K9me3 at these sites. HCF1 depletion resulted in the loss of EBV episomes from Burkitt's lymphoma cells with type I latency and reactivation from lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) with type III latency. These findings indicate that HCF1 and OCT2 function at OriP to regulate viral transcription, histone modifications, and episome maintenance. As HCF1 is best known for its function in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate early gene transcription, our findings suggest that EBV latency transcription shares unexpected features with HSV gene regulation.IMPORTANCEEBV latency is associated with several human cancers. Viral latent cycle gene expression is regulated by the epigenetic control of the OriP enhancer region. Here, we show that cellular factors OCT2 and HCF1 bind OriP in association with EBNA1 to maintain elevated histone H3K4me3 and transcriptional enhancer function. HCF1 is known as a transcriptional coactivator of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early (IE) transcription, suggesting that OriP enhancer shares aspects of HSV IE transcription control.

Acute Pharyngitis: Etiology and Diagnosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954
Author(s):  
Alan L. Bisno
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Acute pharyngitis may be caused by a wide variety of microbial agents (Table 1). The relative importance of each of these agents varies greatly depending on a number of epidemiologic factors, including age of the patient, season of the year, and geographic locale. Viruses Most cases of acute pharyngitis are viral in etiology and involve the pharynx as well as other portions of the respiratory tract as manifestations of the common cold, influenza, or croup. Examples include the rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A and B, and the parainfluenza viruses. Certain viral infections causing sore throat may exhibit clinical manifestations that are rather distinctive. Examples include enteroviruses (herpangina due to Coxsackie A), Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis), cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus mononucleosis), adenovirus (pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute respiratory disease of military recruits), and herpes simplex virus (pharyngitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis). In many instances, however, the illnesses caused by these agents may overlap so broadly with that of streptococcal pharyngitis as to be clinically indistinguishable. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and herpes virus may all cause fever, exudative pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis. Several studies have documented the role of primary herpesvirus type 1 infection as a cause of acute pharyngitis in college students.1-4 Herpesvirus type 2 can occasionally cause a similar illness as a consequence of oral-genital sexual contact.5 Although herpesvirus infections may involve the anterior oral cavity (vesicular or ulcerative gingivostomatitis) as well as the posterior pharynx, they do not routinely do so. Only about one-fourth of students with culturally and serologically proven primary herpes simplex type 1 pharyngitis studied by Glezen et al,2 for example, had gingivostomatitis.

scholarly journals An unusual spliced herpes simplex virus type 1 transcript with sequence homology to Epstein-Barr virus DNA.

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Costa ◽  
K G Draper ◽  
T J Kelly ◽  
E K Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Sequence Homology ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Mutagenesis and Genome Engineering of Epstein–Barr Virus in Cultured Human Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit-San Yuen ◽  
Chi-Ping Chan ◽  
Kin-Hang Kok ◽  
Dong-Yan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

Vidarabine ophthalmic ointment (vira-A)

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Adenine Arabinoside ◽  
Ophthalmic Ointment ◽  
Low Toxicity

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside; ara-A) is an antiviral agent active against DNA viruses but with low toxicity for human cells. It is available for topical treatment of herpes simplex infections of the eye as an ointment with a soft paraffin base (Vira-A - Parke, Davis).

scholarly journals Elevada seroprevalencia de citomegalovirus, virus herpes simplex tipo 1 y virus Epstein Barr en adultos con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIVIAN LUCHSINGER ◽  
AMARANTA LUZORO ◽  
MARÍA JOSÉ MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Epstein Barr
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