Picking Up The Pieces: Botanical Conservation on Degraded Oceanic Islands

1998 ◽  
pp. 317-344
Author(s):  
Mike Maunder ◽  
Alastair Culham ◽  
Clare Hankamer
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands

Systematics and evolution of Lentibulariaceae: III. Utricularia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jobson ◽  
Paulo C. Baleeiro ◽  
Cástor Guisande
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Utricularia is a morphologically and ecologically diverse genus currently comprising more than 230 species divided into three subgenera—Polypompholyx, Utricularia, and Bivalvaria—and 35 sections. The genus is distributed worldwide except on the poles and most oceanic islands. The Neotropics has the highest species diversity, followed by Australia. Compared to its sister genera, Utricularia has undergone greater rates of speciation, which are linked to its extreme morphological flexibility that has resulted in the evolution of habitat-specific forms: terrestrial, rheophytic, aquatic, lithophytic, and epiphytic. Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved relationships for 44% of the species across 80% of the sections. Scant data are available for phylogeography or population-level processes such as gene flow, hybridization, or pollination. Because nearly 90% of the species are endemics, data are urgently needed to determine how to protect vulnerable species and their habitats.

scholarly journals Complete genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines show responses to climate fluctuations but no evidence for genomic erosion prior to extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 20190491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dussex ◽  
Johanna von Seth ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
Olga Kardailsky ◽  
Bruce C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Demographic Trajectories ◽  
Human Climate

Human intervention, pre-human climate change (or a combination of both), as well as genetic effects, contribute to species extinctions. While many species from oceanic islands have gone extinct due to direct human impacts, the effects of pre-human climate change and human settlement on the genomic diversity of insular species and the role that loss of genomic diversity played in their extinctions remains largely unexplored. To address this question, we sequenced whole genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines, the huia ( Heteralocha acutirostris ) and South Island kōkako ( Callaeas cinereus ). Both species showed similar demographic trajectories throughout the Pleistocene. However, the South Island kōkako continued to decline after the last glaciation, while the huia experienced some recovery. Moreover, there was no indication of inbreeding resulting from recent mating among closely related individuals in either species. This latter result indicates that population fragmentation associated with forest clearing by Maōri may not have been strong enough to lead to an increase in inbreeding and exposure to genomic erosion. While genomic erosion may not have directly contributed to their extinctions, further habitat fragmentation and the introduction of mammalian predators by Europeans may have been an important driver of extinction in huia and South Island kōkako.

Can habitat type predict the abundance of the European rabbits on oceanic islands?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonay Cubas ◽  
Jürgen Kluge ◽  
Víctor Bello-Rodríguez ◽  
Marcelino J. del Arco ◽  
Brian Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
European Rabbits

Advances in science for ecology and sustainable management of oceanic islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
David Veliz ◽  
Carlos F. Gaymer ◽  
Alan M. Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Oceanic Islands

Mechanisms of dispersal and establishment drive a stepping stone community assembly on seamounts and oceanic islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Mazzei ◽  
Hudson T. Pinheiro ◽  
Thiony Simon ◽  
Rodrigo L. Moura ◽  
Raphael M. Macieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Stepping Stone

scholarly journals Potential changes in the connectivity of marine protected areas driven by extreme ocean warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Shigihara Lima ◽  
Douglas Francisco Marcolino Gherardi ◽  
Luciano Ponzi Pezzi ◽  
Leilane Gonçalves dos Passos ◽  
Clarissa Akemi Kajiya Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Rcp 8.5

AbstractProjected future climate scenarios anticipate a warmer tropical ocean and changes in surface currents that will likely influence the survival of marine organisms and the connectivity of marine protected areas (MPAs) networks. We simulated the regional effects of climate change on the demographic connectivity of parrotfishes in nine MPAs in the South Atlantic through downscaling of the HadGEM2-ES Earth System Model running the RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas trajectory. Results indicate a tropicalization scenario over the tropical southwest Atlantic following an increase of sea surface temperature (SST) between 1.8 and 4.5 °C and changes in mean surface currents between − 0.6 to 0.5 m s−1 relative to present conditions. High mortality rates will reduce demographic connectivity and increase the isolation of oceanic islands. The simulation of organismal response to ocean warming shows that acclimation can significantly improve (p < 0.001) particle survival, promoting connectivity and tropicalization of MPAs, with potential impacts on their functional integrity and long-term resilience.

Issues and implications for research on disturbed oceanic islands illustrated through an ant survey of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Neville ◽  
D. J. O’Dowd ◽  
A. L. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands
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