Global Carbon Dioxide Production from Fossil Fuels and Cement, A.D. 1950 – A.D. 2000

1977 ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Rotty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals An analysis of overlapping terms to define articles key words

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Celestino de Andrade ◽  
Epaminondas Gonzaga Lima Neto ◽  
Franciso Sandro Rodrigues Holanda ◽  
Luiz Diego Vidal Santos ◽  
Lucas Celestino De Andrade Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Relationship Networks ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Global Carbon

Several ways of structuring sources of innovation have been provided in order to achieve competitiveness and reduce the impacts during a crisis time. The use of renewable technologies that also reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and dependence on fossil fuels has been encouraged. The objective of this study was to identify the main groupings of terms through the VOSviewer tool, related to technology transfer in fuel cells found from searching in the Scopus database repository. The structuring of relationship networks of the terms of greater co-occurrence of technology transfer in fuel cells enabled a verification based on clear definitions, providing a synthesis of the most researched devices, or potentially found in the Scopus database. The search provided a number of 170 articles in an unbiased way presenting an overview of the main understanding of selected articles from 2015 up to the present, indicating central operators to be considered, as well as innovation perception to support future economic growth, focusing on most significant terms on the searched parameters.

Process Synthesis and the G-H Space for Analysing and Optimising Biomass Gasification

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Lwazi Ngubevana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Gasification Process

Biomass is a key source of energy to power the world's growing hunger for energy, whilst replacing fossil fuels as the fight against greenhouse gas emissions intensifies. This has led to a significant focus on not only using biomass as a source of energy, but also on the need to use it optimally. Using graphical methods in process synthesis and using thermodynamic regions in the Enthalpy-Gibbs free energy (g-h) space has also become a fast-growing research field. The approach used in this article to optimise the conversion of biomass and minimise carbon dioxide production and energy consumption shows that the best place to operate the biomass gasification process is in a region where heat and work are required to be added to the process. Using the g-h approach allows one to determine whether or not heat at an appropriate temperature is sufficient to meet the work requirements of a chemical process and identify an optimum point in the gasification region where the work requirements of the process is zero, no carbon dioxide emissions and a minimum amount of heat is required to be added.

Catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 into components of motor fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Bilokopytov ◽  
◽  
S.L. Melnykova ◽  
N.Yu. Khimach ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolites ◽  
Motor Fuels

CO2 is a harmful greenhouse gas, a product of chemical emissions, the combustion of fossil fuels and car exhausts, and it is a widely available source of carbon. The review considers various ways of hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into components of motor fuels - methanol, dimethyl ether, ethanol, hydrocarbons - in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. At each route of conversion of CO2 (into oxygenates or hydrocarbons) the first stage is the formation of CO by the reverse water gas shift (rWGS) reaction, which must be taken into account when catalysts of process are choosing. The influence of chemical nature, specific surface area, particle size and interaction between catalyst components, as well as the method of its production on the CO2 conversion processes is analyzed. It is noted that the main active components of CO2 conversion into methanol are copper atoms and ions which interact with the oxide components of the catalyst. There is a positive effect of other metals oxides additives with strong basic centers on the surface on the activity of the traditional copper-zinc-aluminum oxide catalyst for the synthesis of methanol from the synthesis gas. The most active catalysts for the synthesis of DME from CO2 and H2 are bifunctional. These catalysts contain both a methanol synthesis catalyst and a dehydrating component, such as mesoporous zeolites with acid centers of weak and medium strength, evenly distributed on the surface. The synthesis of gasoline hydrocarbons (≥ C5) is carried out through the formation of CO or CH3OH and DME as intermediates on multifunctional catalysts, which also contain zeolites. Hydrogenation of CO2 into ethanol can be considered as an alternative to the synthesis of ethanol through the hydration of ethylene. High activation energy of carbon dioxide, harsh synthesis conditions as well as high selectivity for hydrocarbons, in particular methane remains the main problems. Further increase of selectivity and efficiency of carbon dioxide hydrogenation processes involves the use of nanocatalysts taking into account the mechanism of CO2 conversion reactions, development of methods for removing excess water as a by-product from the reaction zone and increasing catalyst stability over time.

Global carbon dioxide output of volcanic lakes in the Azores archipelago, Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 106835
Author(s):  
César Andrade ◽  
Fátima Viveiros ◽  
J. Virgílio Cruz ◽  
Rui Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Volcanic Lakes ◽  
Global Carbon

Atomic-level engineering of two-dimensional electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shao ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exhibited a huge threat to the planet’s ecosystem. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals have been regarded as a...

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