Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response

2014 ◽  
pp. 289-321
Author(s):  
Louise Giffin ◽  
Penny Anders ◽  
Blossom Damania
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

scholarly journals Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Inhibits Interleukin-4-Mediated STAT6 Phosphorylation To Regulate Apoptosis and Maintain Latency

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (21) ◽  
pp. 11134-11144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Cai ◽  
Subhash C. Verma ◽  
Ji-Young Choi ◽  
Michelle Ma ◽  
Erle S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

ABSTRACT Cytokine-mediated JAK/STAT signaling controls numerous important biologic responses like immune function, cellular growth, and differentiation. Inappropriate activation of this signaling pathway is associated with a range of malignancies. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious viral agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and may also contribute to B-cell disorders, which include primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease. However, regulation of cytokine-mediated lymphocytic immune response by KSHV is not fully understood. In this report, we demonstrate that KSHV suppresses the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-stimulated immune response of B-lymphocyte activation and cell proliferation. Moreover, we show that the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by KSHV is essential for viral blocking of IL-4-induced signaling. LANA reduces phosphorylation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) on Y-641 and concomitantly its DNA binding ability. Importantly, knockdown of endogenous STAT6 dramatically increases the sensitivity of PEL cells to low-serum stress or chemical-mediated cellular apoptosis and reactivation of KSHV from latent replication. Thus, these findings suggest that the IL-4/STAT6 signaling network is precisely controlled by KSHV for survival, maintenance of latency, and suppression of the host cytokine immune response of the virus-infected cells.

Immune response to intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in mice

Vaccine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3325-3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouta Sakamoto ◽  
Hideki Asanuma ◽  
Tomoyuki Nakamura ◽  
Takayuki Kanno ◽  
Tetsutaro Sata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

scholarly journals Complement Regulation by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF4 Protein

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Brad Spiller ◽  
Mairi Robinson ◽  
Elizabeth O'Donnell ◽  
Steven Milligan ◽  
B. Paul Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Orf4 Protein ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Orf4 Gene

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with three types of human tumor: Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. The virus encodes a number of proteins that participate in disrupting the immune response, one of which was predicted by sequence analysis to be encoded by open reading frame 4 (ORF4). The predicted ORF4 protein shares homology with cellular proteins referred to as regulators of complement activation. In the present study, the transcription profile of the ORF4 gene was characterized, revealing that it encodes at least three transcripts, by alternative splicing mechanisms, and three protein isoforms. Functional studies revealed that each ORF4 protein isoform inhibits complement and retains a C-terminal transmembrane domain. Consistent with the complement-regulating activity, we propose to name the proteins encoded by the ORF4 gene collectively as KSHV complement control protein (KCP). KSHV ORF4 is the most complex alternatively spliced gene encoding a viral complement regulator described to date. KCP inhibits the complement component of the innate immune response, thereby possibly contributing to the in vivo persistence and pathogenesis of this virus.

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