Engineered mtZFNs for Manipulation of Human Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy

2016 ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam A. Gammage ◽  
Lindsey Van Haute ◽  
Michal Minczuk
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Heteroplasmy

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy as an Informational Reservoir Dynamically Linked to Metabolic and Immunological Processes Associated with COVID-19 Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Stefano ◽  
Richard M. Kream
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Heteroplasmy

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is the dynamically determined co-expression of wild type (WT) inherited polymorphisms and collective time-dependent somatic mutations within individual mtDNA genomes. The temporal expression and distribution of cell-specific and tissue-specific mtDNA heteroplasmy in healthy individuals may be functionally associated with intracellular mitochondrial signaling pathways and nuclear DNA gene expression. The maintenance of endogenously regulated tissue-specific copy numbers of heteroplasmic mtDNA may represent a sensitive biomarker of homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic integrity, and immune competence. Myeloid cells, monocytes, macrophages, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells undergo programmed changes in mitochondrial metabolism according to innate and adaptive immunological processes. In the central nervous system (CNS), the polarization of activated microglial cells is dependent on strategically programmed changes in mitochondrial function. Therefore, variations in heteroplasmic mtDNA copy numbers may have functional consequences in metabolically competent mitochondria in innate and adaptive immune processes involving the CNS. Recently, altered mitochondrial function has been demonstrated in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Accordingly, our review is organized to present convergent lines of empirical evidence that potentially link expression of mtDNA heteroplasmy by functionally interactive CNS cell types to the extent and severity of acute and chronic post-COVID-19 neurological disorders.

Geographic Origin of Human Mitochondrial DNA Revisited

1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stoneking ◽  
S. T. Sherry ◽  
L. Vigilant
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna
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