Plasma Membrane Sheets for Studies of B Cell Antigen Internalization from Immune Synapses

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R. Nowosad ◽  
Pavel Tolar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Immune Synapses

scholarly journals TAPP1 and TAPP2 Are Targets of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling in B Cells: Sustained Plasma Membrane Recruitment Triggered by the B-Cell Antigen Receptor

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 5479-5491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Marshall ◽  
Allyson K. Krahn ◽  
Kewei Ma ◽  
Vincent Duronio ◽  
Sen Hou
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
B Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Membrane Recruitment ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

ABSTRACT We report the characterization of two signal transduction proteins related to Bam32, known as TAPP1 and TAPP2. Bam32, TAPP1, and TAPP2 share several characteristics, including small size (32 to 47 kDa), lack of enzymatic domains, high conservation between humans and mice, and the presence of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains near their C termini which contain the 3-phosphoinositide-binding motif. Unlike Bam32, the N-terminal regions of TAPP1 and TAPP2 contain a second PH domain. TAPP1 and TAPP2 transcripts are expressed in a variety of tissues including lymphoid tissues. Using live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that TAPP1 and TAPP2 are recruited to the plasma membrane of BJAB human B-lymphoma cells upon activation through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). The C-terminal PH domain is necessary and sufficient for BCR-induced membrane recruitment of both TAPP1 and TAPP2. Blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity completely abolished BCR-induced recruitment of TAPP1 and TAPP2, while expression of active PI3K is sufficient to drive constitutive membrane localization of TAPP1 and TAPP2. TAPP1 and TAPP2 preferentially accumulate within ruffled, F-actin-rich areas of plasma membrane, suggesting a potential role in PI3K-driven cytoskeletal reorganization. Like Bam32, BCR-driven TAPP1 and TAPP2 recruitment is a relatively slow and sustained response, in contrast to Btk recruitment and Ca2+ mobilization responses, which are rapid and transient. Consistent with recent studies indicating that Bam32, TAPP1, and TAPP2 can bind to PI(3,4)P2, we find that membrane recruitment correlates well with production of PI(3,4)P2 but not with that of PI(3,4,5)P3. Our results indicate that TAPP1 and TAPP2 are direct targets of PI3K signaling that are recruited into plasma membranes with distinctive delayed kinetics and accumulate within F-actin-rich membrane ruffles. We postulate that the TAPPs function to orchestrate cellular responses during the sustained phase of signaling.

scholarly journals The Gab1 Docking Protein Links the B Cell Antigen Receptor to the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway and to the SHP2 Tyrosine Phosphatase

2001 ◽  
Vol 276 (15) ◽  
pp. 12257-12265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Ingham ◽  
Lorna Santos ◽  
May Dang-Lawson ◽  
Marina Holgado-Madruga ◽  
Peter Dudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
B Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Bcr Signaling ◽  
Docking Protein

B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the Gab1 docking protein. This allows phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase to bind to Gab1. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that Gab1 acts as an amplifier of PI3K- and SHP2-dependent signaling in B lymphocytes. By overexpressing Gab1 in the WEHI-231 B cell line, we found that Gab1 can potentiate BCR-induced phosphorylation of Akt, a PI3K-dependent response. Gab1 expression also increased BCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP2 as well as the binding of Grb2 to SHP2. We show that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Gab1 is required for BCR-induced phosphorylation of Gab1 and for Gab1 participation in BCR signaling. Moreover, using confocal microscopy, we show that BCR ligation can induce the translocation of Gab1 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and that this requires the Gab1 PH domain as well as PI3K activity. These findings are consistent with a model in which the binding of the Gab1 PH domain to PI3K-derived lipids brings Gab1 to the plasma membrane, where it can be tyrosine-phosphorylated and then act as an amplifier of BCR signaling.

scholarly journals Regulation of RasGRP1 by B Cell Antigen Receptor Requires Cooperativity between Three Domains Controlling Translocation to the Plasma Membrane

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3156-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Beaulieu ◽  
Bari Zahedi ◽  
Rebecca E. Goulding ◽  
Ghazaleh Tazmini ◽  
Kira V. Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Membrane Localization ◽  
Membrane Targeting ◽  
B Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
C1 Domain

RasGRP1 is a Ras-activating exchange factor that is positively regulated by translocation to membranes. RasGRP1 contains a diacylglycerol-binding C1 domain, and it has been assumed that this domain is entirely responsible for RasGRP1 translocation. We found that the C1 domain can contribute to plasma membrane-targeted translocation of RasGRP1 induced by ligation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). However, this reflects cooperativity of the C1 domain with the previously unrecognized Plasma membrane Targeter (PT) domain, which is sufficient and essential for plasma membrane targeting of RasGRP1. The adjacent suppressor of PT (SuPT) domain attenuates the plasma membrane-targeting activity of the PT domain, thus preventing constitutive plasma membrane localization of RasGRP1. By binding to diacylglycerol generated by BCR-coupled phospholipase Cγ2, the C1 domain counteracts the SuPT domain and enables efficient RasGRP1 translocation to the plasma membrane. In fibroblasts, the PT domain is inactive as a plasma membrane targeter, and the C1 domain specifies constitutive targeting of RasGRP1 to internal membranes where it can be activated and trigger oncogenic transformation. Selective use of the C1, PT, and SuPT domains may contribute to the differential targeting of RasGRP1 to the plasma membrane versus internal membranes, which has been observed in lymphocytes and other cell types.

scholarly journals Differential organization of tonic and chronic B cell antigen receptors in the plasma membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Gomes de Castro ◽  
Hanna Wildhagen ◽  
Shama Sograte-Idrissi ◽  
Christoffer Hitzing ◽  
Mascha Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Cell Antigen

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Protein Kinase B Regulation during B Cell Antigen Receptor Engagement

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Astoul ◽  
Sandra Watton ◽  
Doreen Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Protein Kinase B ◽  
B Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Sustained Activation

This study has used biochemistry and real time confocal imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged molecules in live cells to explore the dynamics of protein kinase B (PKB) regulation during B lymphocyte activation. The data show that triggering of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) induces a transient membrane localization of PKB but a sustained activation of the enzyme; active PKB is found in the cytosol and nuclei of activated B cells. Hence, PKB has three potential sites of action in B lymphocytes; transiently after BCR triggering PKB can phosphorylate plasma membrane localized targets, whereas during the sustained B cell response to antigen, PKB acts in the nucleus and the cytosol. Membrane translocation of PKB and subsequent PKB activation are dependent on BCR activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, PI3K signals are both necessary and sufficient for sustained activation of PKB in B lymphocytes. However, under conditions of continuous PI3K activation or BCR triggering there is only transient recruitment of PKB to the plasma membrane, indicating that there must be a molecular mechanism to dissociate PKB from sites of PI3K activity in B cells. The inhibitory Fc receptor, the FcγRIIB, mediates vital homeostatic control of B cell function by recruiting an inositol 5 phosphatase SHIP into the BCR complex. Herein we show that coligation of the BCR with the inhibitory FcγRIIB prevents membrane targeting of PKB. The FcγRIIB can thus antagonize BCR signals for PKB localization and prevent BCR stimulation of PKB activity which demonstrates the mechanism for the inhibitory action of the FcγRIIB on the BCR/PKB response.

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