Monolith Chromatography as Sample Preparation Step in Virome Studies of Water Samples

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre ◽  
Denis Kutnjak ◽  
Nejc Rački ◽  
Matevž Rupar ◽  
Maja Ravnikar
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Preparation Step

Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
C. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

Investigation of Phenolic Content in Five Different Pine Barks Species Grown in Turkey by HPLC-UV and LC–MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emin Şeker ◽  
Ali Çelik ◽  
Kenan Dost ◽  
Ayşegül Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Preparation Step ◽  
Very High

Abstract Investigation of phenolic content from different pine bark species grown in Turkey was performed using a reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (RP-HPLC-UV) method. All phenolic constituents were separated in <26 min on reversed-phase C18 column with gradient mobile phase that consists of orthophosphoric acid, methanol and acetonitrile. Detections were made on an UV detector at 280 nm and at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Samples were prepared according to Masqueller’s conventional sample preparation method with slight modifications. To avoid the reduction in extraction efficiency the sample preparation step was carried out under argon atmosphere. The linearity of the method was between 0.9994 and 0.9999. The detection limits for the five phenolic constituents ranged from 0122 to 0.324 mg/L. Catechin and taxifolin were found in all pine barks at a concentration of 0.065 ± 0.002–1.454 ± 0.004 and 0.015 ± 0.001–23.164 ± 0.322 mg/g, respectively. Epicatechin was determined in four pine barks between 0.027 ± 0.001 and 0.076 ± 0.002 mg/g, ferulic acid in two pine barks between 0.010 ± 0.001 and 0.022 ± 0.001 mg/g and epicatechin gallate in only one of the pine barks at 0.025 ± 0.001 mg/g. Finally, the total amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the pine barks were found to be very high.

A Suitable procedure for preparing of water Samples used in Radiocarbon Intercomparison

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887
Author(s):  
H A Takahashi ◽  
M Minami ◽  
T Aramaki ◽  
H Handa ◽  
Y Saito-Kokubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hazardous Material

ABSTRACTWe studied a suitable procedure for preparing of water samples used in radiocarbon intercomparisons involving dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The water samples must have inter-batch consistency and stable 14C concentrations and no sterilizing agent (e.g., HgCl2) should be added, in order to avoid the production of hazardous material. Six water samples, containing widely different amounts and types of salts, DIC, and 14C concentrations (1–100 pMC), were prepared in order to assess the procedure. Sample consistency was investigated through δ13C and chemical compositions; their low variabilities indicate that our procedure can be applied to radiocarbon intercomparison. A specific sample preparation protocol was developed for this kind of applications.

Optimization of Surface Properties for Nanoindentation Studies on Nuclear Structural Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Petra Bublíková ◽  
Hygreeva Kiran Namburi ◽  
Daniela Marušáková
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Electrolytic Polishing ◽  
Preparation Step ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Nanoindentation using static loading of indenter tip is one of versatile methods used for evaluation of materials in smaller volume. It includes investigation of structural phases and thin layers on substrates etc. In the field of nuclear core and structural materials, nanoindentation has become an important tool to assess mechanical properties and correlate to the level of radiation damage at elevated and room temperatures. Nanoindentation, ideally in combination with Transmission Electron Microscopy, can describe the extent of damage and behaviour from the nanoand micro scale. Due to the high sensitivity of nanoindentation system, that typically uses loads in the range of tens of nN up to several tens of mN, the precise sample preparation is challenging and to be performed especially to understand behaviour of bulk materials. In the current study, samples from Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) 321, which is the representative structural material used for reactor internals, were prepared by standard methods - fine polishing, chemical etching, electrolytic etching, electrolytic polishing, electrolytic polishing & etching and ion polishing. Firstly, non-irradiated samples were used for optimization of the sample preparation methodology and then it will be applied on irradiated samples to obtain local mechanical properties. After each preparation step, nanoindentation was performed and load was optimized leading to the minimum standard deviation, also taking into account an indent size and pile-up mechanism. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM imaging) and nanoindentation results showed the multi-grained austenitic structure with minimal roughness. Local mechanical properties can be measured according to the knowledge of radiation damage type and location, with focus on grain boundaries to be evaluated. This study shows that advanced methods such as ion polishing are not suitable for ASS preparation, but standard methods based on chemical reaction with structure, especially electrolytic polishing and etching, are highly recommended.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR Cr(III) AND Cr(VI) IONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES BY USING PIXE

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
H. YAMAZAKI ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
Y. TAKAHASHI ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
TS. AMARTAIVAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
Preparation Techniques

An enhanced sample preparation method for PIXE analysis is described allowing to separate and concentrate chromium ions of different valence in water samples. Cr 3+ ions are selectively adsorbed by ferric hydroxide colloids generated in the solution, and a PIXE target for analyzing the total concentration of chromium of hexavalent and trivalent states is prepared by depositing 0.15 ml of sample solution on a user-made thin polycarbonate film. PIXE analyses for the two kinds of targets reveal the fractions of chromium of different oxidation state. The standard method for collecting the colloids adsorbing Cr 3+ ions on Nuclepore filter of 0.2 μm pores is based on an investigation of the pH-dependence of the recovery of dissolved Cr 3+ ions and the calibration curve is measured. The prepared targets were examined for 5 to 10 minutes by 3 MeV proton beams (0.7-5 nA beam currents). The lower detection limit of chromium in a 25 ml aquatic sample is 1 ppb for the Cr 3+-precipitated targets and 3.4 ppb for the CrO 42--deposit targets based on the 3σ error of background counts integrated over the FWHM of chromium peak in the PIXE spectrum. The applicability of PIXE using these sample-preparation techniques for determining chromium oxidation states was confirmed using river water samples to which Cr 3+ and CrO 42- ions were added in 50 ppb concentrations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document