Electrical Resistance Method for Measuring Volume Changes in Astrocytes

1999 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Michael Aschner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Measuring Volume ◽  
Resistance Method

Electrical resistance method for measuring volume changes in monolayer cultures applied to primary astrocyte cultures

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. C471-C478 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. O'Connor ◽  
H. K. Kimelberg ◽  
C. R. Keese ◽  
I. Giaever
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Regulatory Volume Decrease ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Resistance Method ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Primary Astrocyte

An electrical resistance method was developed to measure volume changes in substratum-attached monolayer cultures. Astrocytes in primary monolayer cultures prepared from neonatal rat cerebral cortex were placed in a confined channel containing a balanced salt solution, and the electrical resistance of the channel was measured using an applied alternating current. If the volume of the cells increases, then the volume of the solution within the channel available for current flow decreases by the same amount, resulting in an increase in the measured resistance through the channel. If the volume of the cells decreases, a decrease in resistance would be recorded. This method allows continuous measurements of volume changes in real time. When primary astrocyte monolayers were exposed to hyposmotic solutions (93-193 mosmol/kgH2O), they showed a rapid initial swelling and, in the continued presence of hyposmotic media, a characteristic regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in which there was a return to normal cell volume within approximately 20 min. Astrocytes exposed to hyperosmotic media (343-493 mosmol/kgH2O) gave a decrease in electrical resistance, indicating shrinkage. Putative endogenous effectors of astrocytic swelling, such as high extracellular K+ and glutamate, resulted in a much slower onset of swelling and no sign of RVD. This system can reliably measure the average change in cell monolayer volume to 1-2% and thus provides a sensitive means of continuous measurements of changes in cell volume in monolayer cultures.

Corrosion Measuring Probes for Marine Applications

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 485t-491t ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID ROLLER ◽  
WILLARD R. SCOTT ◽  
HERMAN S. PREISER ◽  
FRANK E. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Condenser Tube ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
Resistance Method ◽  
Service Testing ◽  
Inlet Tube ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Marine Applications

Abstract This paper describes the design, fabrication and preliminary testing of several types of corrosion measuring probes developed for use on maritime vessels. The probes are part of a system utilizing the electrical resistance method for continuously monitoring corrosion during actual operation. One type of probe to be described is intended for monitoring corrosion on either the exterior surface of the hull or interior structural members in large compartment. Another probe has been developed for measuring condenser tube inlet (tube end) corrosion. A third probe has been developed for measuring corrosion in crevices and pipe lines. Both laboratory and simulated service testing has been carried out. Results of these tests and the effectiveness of the probes in measuring corrosive conditions on ships are discussed. 2.4.2

Investigation of cracks by electrical resistance method

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
V. I. Vladimirov ◽  
R. G. Lupashku
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Resistance Method

Investigation of cracks by the electrical resistance method

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Vladimirov ◽  
R. G. Lupashki
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Resistance Method

Electrical Resistance Method for Fatigue Crack Detection of Steel Deck

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1397-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Zhi Yuan Yuan ◽  
Bo Hai Ji ◽  
Zhong Qiu Fu ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Miao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Resistance Method ◽  
Electrode Space ◽  
Fatigue Crack Detection ◽  
Steel Deck

The present study employs an electrical resistance method for fatigue crack detection in steel deck. The detection influential factors are analyzed via the finite element analysis under different electrode space and deck width. As a result, the electrode space influenced on detecting precision, and the smaller the better. The resistance measurement method is presented, and the formula of fracture damage ratio and the equivalent crack depth are established. It is proved by fatigue crack detection experiment of U-rib specimen, which shows that using electrical resistance method to detect fatigue crack is feasible.

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