Analyzing Aceh Cultural Heritage: Mathematical Tools and Language Use

Acehnese people have many culturallyunique mathematical treasures, such as for measuring size and volume. Some of which are different from the ones used in other parts of Indonesia and some have been rarely used and even unknown by today’s generation. However, research on the measuring scales in Aceh is scant. This study was carried out to understand the Acehnese people’s prevailing measuring scales used. These scales are ethnomathematics parts of the Aceh culture. The research was conducted in six districts. Snowball sampling was employed through which people who are knowledgeable on Aceh culture were selected for interview. It shows that the volume scaling units of ethnomathematics in the culture of Aceh society are kay, aree, naleh, gateng, gunca, and kuyan. 1 kuyan = 10 gunca; 1 gunca = 10 naleh; 1 naleh = 16 aree; 1 aree = 4 kay. The size and volume of the kay, aree, naleh, gateng scales vary in each district.Moreover, the language used for scales and meanings slightly varies, such as naleh that is used for measuring volume or size only in some districts of Aceh and for both volume and size in other parts of the province.

Device and Method for Measuring Volume in Receptacles for Storing Wine

This study is on the design and method of a volume measuring device installed inside a box used to store liquids mainly wine. Current devices that store wine in boxes have inside these boxes, inner boxes regularly made of rigid cardboard and a sealed plastic receptacle, which has an outlet tap to serve the wine. The device is focused on being used in the new wine packaging in a cardboard box. The measuring device is placed at the bottom of the wine dispenser box and displays a measurement of the volume of the wine even in the box via a measurement tower. The wine storage box contains inside: the device located at the bottom of the box containing the wine (i.e., the liquid), and the plastic container containing the wine above our measuring device. The measuring device will feel the weight of the current wine content in the plastic container and will automatically move a signal indicating the level of the liquid even in the plastic container. The measurement will be visible from the outside of the box by the consumer, the device is included by a receptacle or sealed bag connected to the measurement tower. The weight measurement receptacle is sealed and made of a material with a leak-resistant layer, and which is usually irregularly oval and is filled with at least one form of gas or air and where the packing layer is shaped to fill the bottom of the container and it is placed under the bag for storage and shipping. As the pressure of the liquid weight changes, the receptacle reacts by moving a measuring marker that reflects such changes, thus measuring the current volume of the liquid in the shipping box. There are numerous patents for measuring liquids, particularly for wine, and then we present several of these patents that are the most relevant to our case

Feasibility Study of Using X-ray Tube and GMDH for Measuring Volume Fractions of Annular and Stratified Regimes in Three-Phase Flows

In this paper, the feasibility of using an X-ray tube instead of radioisotope sources for measuring volume fractions of gas, oil, and water in two typical flow regimes of three-phase flows, namely, annular and stratified, is evaluated. This study’s proposed detection system is composed of an X-ray tube, a 1 inch × 1 inch NaI detector, and one Pyrex-glass pipe to model different volume fractions for two flow regimes, annular and stratified. Group method of data handling (GMDH), a powerful regression tool, was also implemented to analyze the obtained data. The obtained results in this work indicate that a simple system based on an X-ray tube and just one NaI detector could be a potential alternative to radioisotope-based systems for separate measurements of gas, oil, and water volume fractions in annular and stratified flow regimes of a three-phase flow.

Evaluation of the Metrological Performance of a Handheld 3D Laser Scanner Using a Pseudo-3D Ball-Lattice Artifact

This paper proposes the use of a pseudo-3D ball-lattice artifact to characterize a handheld laser scanner from a metrological standpoint. The artifact allows the computation of local and global errors in measurement by using the reference-frame-independent parameters of size, form, and distance within the measuring volume of the scanner, and in a single point cloud, without the need for registration. A set of tests was performed using the whole measuring volume, and three acquisition parameters, namely the orientation of the sweeps during the scans, the exposure time, and the distance to the scanner were analyzed for their effects on the accuracy of the scan data. A composite error including the errors in measuring size, form, and distance was used as a single figure of merit to characterize the performance of the scanner in relation to the data-acquisition parameters. The orientation of sweeps did not have a considerable effect on the errors. The accuracy of the scan data was strongly affected by exposure time and its interaction with the distance at which the artifact was scanned. The errors followed a quadratic trend with respect to the distance of the artifact to the scanner. The tested scanner performed best at its manufacturer’s recommended stand-off distance.

Removal of range uncertainty of CW Wind Lidar by frequency modulation.

<p>Frequency Modulation (FM) is a well-known technology but was never used in Continuous Wave (CW) Wind Lidars. The reason is because range and velocity can only be resolved for single hard targets like vehicles but not for dispersed targets like atmospheric aerosol. Here we present a FMCW system that uses the established focusing method for ranging and in addition a frequency modulated transmit signal. The origin of the scattered radiation is localized by focusing in a limited measuring volume. Because of this – by applying FM – the unavoidable range-velocity ambiguity of CW Wind Lidars can be resolved similarly as for hard targets. This is particularly important in conditions with fog or low hanging clouds (coastal or mountainous areas) or distant moving obstacles behind the measuring volume, or generally spoken in cases with strong gradients of the backscatter cross section. While out-of-focus contributions is a well-known concern of CW Lidar, we will show examples from FMCW field measurements first time revealing quantitatively the range uncertainty based on focus distance. Not surprisingly this uncertainty increases with height range, where the focus becomes less well-defined. Furthermore, the FMCW Wind Lidar allows also to correct uncertainties of mechanical focus distance setting. This is also mainly important at larger ranges where the focus distance becomes very sensitive to mechanical tolerances. Moreover, auxiliary measurements of wind direction, that are needed by CW systems for removing the sign-ambiguity of velocity, are obsolete, and there is no lower threshold of measurable windspeed. As a consequence wind measurements are feasible in street canyons, forest clearings and any other environment with strong vertical gradients.</p>