Iron-Metabolism in Neurons of the Motor System of the Central Nervous System: Lessons from Iron Deficiency and Overloading Pathologies

2009 ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Moos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Motor System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Studies in Embryonic and Larval Development in Amphibia

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145
Author(s):  
Arthur Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Nerve Process ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In 1913 G. E. Coghill initiated a series of papers on the neuro-embryology of the Urodele Ambystoma with a description of the earliest stages of the motor system of the trunk (Coghill, 1913). His main conclusion is stated early in the paper in these words: The neurones … which establish the earliest contact with the cells of the myotome are found in Amblystoma to be at the same time the neurones of the motor tract in the central nervous system. The primary ventral root fibre is a collateral of the tract cell. (Coghill, 1913, p. 121.) Thirteen years later, among a group of other papers on the developing nervous system of Ambystoma, he returned to this theme, and in a series of examples described the form of the first nerve process within the basal plate of the cord.

scholarly journals Not moving: the fundamental but neglected motor function

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1718) ◽  
pp. 20160190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Noorani ◽  
R. H. S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The function of the motor system in preventing rather than initiating movement is often overlooked. Not only are its highest levels predominantly, and tonically, inhibitory, but in general behaviour it is often intermittent, characterized by relatively short periods of activity separated by longer periods of stillness: for most of the time we are not moving, but stationary. Furthermore, these periods of immobility are not a matter of inhibition and relaxation, but require us to expend almost as much energy as when we move, and they make just as many demands on the central nervous system in controlling their performance. The mechanisms that stop movement and maintain immobility have been a greatly neglected area of the study of the brain. This paper introduces the topics to be examined in this special issue of Philosophical Transactions , discussing the various types of stopping and stillness, the problems that they impose on the motor system, the kinds of neural mechanism that underlie them and how they can go wrong. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.

The Dysarthrias of Shy-Drager Syndrome

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Linebough
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Shy-Drager syndrome is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that may include among its signs some form of dysarthria. Of 80 patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, 35 presented some form of dysarthria. Of these, 15 presented dysarthria indicative of cerebellar dysfunction, 11 with dysarthria indicating involvement of the striatum, and nine with various mixed dysarthrias indicative of multiple motor system involvement. The results of this study reaffirm the value of assessing motor speech in the differential diagnosis of neuromotor impairments and emphasize the importance of maintaining effective modes of communication for patients having progressive disorders.

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