Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health Benefits in Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 405-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos D. Tambalis ◽  
Labros S. Sidossis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

scholarly journals Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan H. Gralla ◽  
Samantha M. McDonald ◽  
Charity Breneman ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Justin B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Reduced Body

Background. Increasing evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity (VPA) in youth may yield greater health benefits than moderate (MPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this review was to assess the relationship between PA intensity and body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic (CM) biomarkers in youth. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies examining PA intensity and selected health outcomes in youth aged 6 to 18 years. Forty-five articles were selected for final review. Results. VPA was more strongly associated with reduced body fat and central adiposity compared with MPA and/or MVPA. Additionally, VPA was more strongly associated with increased CRF when compared with lower intensities. Findings were inconclusive between all PA intensity levels and CM biomarkers, and several significant relationships observed for VPA were attenuated when controlling for CRF. Conclusions. A potential VPA dose is identified as yielding favorable health benefits in adiposity and fitness. While CM biomarkers were not consistently associated with PA intensity level, the literature suggests VPA may yield health benefits above those received from MPA for reduced adiposity and improved CRF. This review highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to determine optimal VPA dose for CM health in youth.

scholarly journals Feelings of safety during daytime walking: associations with mental health, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in high vacancy, low-income neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber L. Pearson ◽  
Kimberly A. Clevenger ◽  
Teresa H. Horton ◽  
Joseph C. Gardiner ◽  
Ventra Asana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Perceived Safety

Abstract Introduction Individuals living in low-income neighborhoods have disproportionately high rates of obesity, Type-2 diabetes, and cardiometabolic conditions. Perceived safety in one’s neighborhood may influence stress and physical activity, with cascading effects on cardiometabolic health. Methods In this study, we examined relationships among feelings of safety while walking during the day and mental health [perceived stress (PSS), depression score], moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), Body Mass Index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) in low-income, high-vacancy neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan. We recruited 69 adults who wore accelerometers for one week and completed a survey on demographics, mental health, and neighborhood perceptions. Anthropometrics were collected and A1C was measured using A1CNow test strips. We compiled spatial data on vacant buildings and lots across the city. We fitted conventional and multilevel regression models to predict each outcome, using perceived safety during daytime walking as the independent variable of interest and individual or both individual and neighborhood-level covariates (e.g., number of vacant lots). Last, we examined trends in neighborhood features according to perceived safety. Results In this predominantly African American sample (91%), 47% felt unsafe during daytime walking. Feelings of perceived safety significantly predicted PSS (β = − 2.34, p = 0.017), depression scores (β = − 4.22, p = 0.006), and BMI (β = − 2.87, p = 0.01), after full adjustment. For PA, we detected a significant association for sex only. For A1C we detected significant associations with blighted lots near the home. Those feeling unsafe lived in neighborhoods with higher park area and number of blighted lots. Conclusion Future research is needed to assess a critical pathway through which neighborhood features, including vacant or poor-quality green spaces, may affect obesity—via stress reduction and concomitant effects on cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Health Impacts of Urban Bicycling in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
David Rojas-Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background: Bicycling has been associated with health benefits. Local and national authorities have been promoting bicycling as a tool to improve public health and the environment. Mexico is one of the largest Latin American countries, with high levels of sedentarism and non-communicable diseases. No previous studies have estimated the health impacts of Mexico’s national bicycling scenarios. Aim: Quantify the health impacts of Mexico urban bicycling scenarios. Methodology: Quantitative Health Impact Assessment, estimating health risks and benefits of bicycling scenarios in 51,718,756 adult urban inhabitants in Mexico (between 20 and 64 years old). Five bike scenarios were created based on current bike trends in Mexico. The number of premature deaths (increased or reduced) was estimated in relation to physical activity, road traffic fatalities, and air pollution. Input data were collected from national publicly available data sources from transport, environment, health and population reports, and surveys, in addition to scientific literature. Results: We estimated that nine premature deaths are prevented each year among urban populations in Mexico on the current car-bike substitution and trip levels (1% of bike trips), with an annual health economic benefit of US $1,897,920. If Mexico achieves similar trip levels to those reported in The Netherlands (27% of bike trips), 217 premature deaths could be saved annually, with an economic impact of US $45,760,960. In all bicycling scenarios assessed in Mexico, physical activity’s health benefits outweighed the health risks related to traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure. Conclusion: The study found that bicycling promotion in Mexico would provide important health benefits. The benefits of physical activity outweigh the risk from traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure in bicyclists. At the national level, Mexico could consider using sustainable transport policies as a tool to promote public health. Specifically, the support of active transportation through bicycling and urban design improvements could encourage physical activity and its health co-benefits.

Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vogel ◽  
P.-H. Brechat ◽  
P.-M. Leprêtre ◽  
G. Kaltenbach ◽  
M. Berthel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Health Benefits

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity While Sedentary Produce Health Benefits? A Single-Arm Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin A. Sackner ◽  
Jose R. Lopez ◽  
Veronica Banderas ◽  
Jose A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Supine Posture ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽  
Seated Posture

Abstract Background Sedentary time poses a risk to health. Substituting physical activity for inactivity is obvious but this requires a behavior change. Interventions advocated to decrease uninterrupted physical inactivity (defined as Metabolic Equivalent of Task (METS) less than 1.5) are important. One such intervention is accomplished with the Gentle Jogger (GJ), a low risk motorized wellness device which produces effortless, rapid motion of the lower extremities simulating locomotion or fidgeting. GJ produces health benefits in type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The purpose of this trial was to ascertain whether GJ increases METS above 1.5 to explain its effectiveness despite sedentary behavior or whether tapping is responsible. Methods A randomized single-arm trial was conducted. Subjects were randomized to begin the study in either the supine or seated postures and on the same day crossed over with the starting posture reversed. Oxygen consumption was measured at rest and during GJ. Results Twenty-six subjects were studied (15 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 44 ± 15 years and BMI 27.9 ± 5.0, 19 were overweight or obese, and 7 had normal BMI. GJ increased oxygen consumption and METS 15% in the seated posture and 13% in the supine posture. No individual receiving GJ achieved METS exceeding 1.5. Conclusions In a moderately obese population, GJ in seated or supine posture did not exceed 1.5 METS. The values are comparable to those reported for sit-stand interventions and cannot explain the health benefits of GJ. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03602365. Registered on July 26, 2018

Cardiovascular health benefits of physical activity: Time to focus on strengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Darren E.R. Warburton ◽  
Shannon S.D. Bredin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Activity Time

Associations between Device-measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in the Transition to Early Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregore I. Mielke ◽  
Ana M. B. Menezes ◽  
Bruna Gonçalves C. da Silva ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Inacio Crochemore-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

scholarly journals Influence of the workplace on physical activity and cardiometabolic health: Results of the multi-centre cross-sectional Champlain Nurses’ study

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Stephanie A. Prince ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
Suzanne Attallah ◽  
Kristi B. Adamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Cross Sectional
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