The US Regulatory Framework of Banking Supervision

As per the 15th progress report on adoption of the BASEL regulatory framework, published in October 2018 by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 26 member jurisdictions now have final rules in force for CCCB. In India, the final rules on CCCB came into force from 5th Feb, 2014; however, the buffer has not been activated by RBI till now as in its assessment, the Credit to GDP gap and other indicators currently do not warrant activation of the countercyclical capital buffer (CCCB). The Basel III regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems, released in December 2010, had introduced the CCCB aimed at strengthening banks defense against the build-up of systemic vulnerabilities. The CCCB is a pre-emptive measure that requires banks to build-up capital gradually as imbalances in the credit market develop. The primary objective of CCCB is to avoid any banking industry stress resulting from wide fluctuations in the credit cycle using the credit-to-GDP gap. In doing so, it raises the cost of capital for banks resulting in moderation of credit demand as well as dissuasion of banks from participating in binge credit growth during the buildup phase itself. The authors have calculated the credit-to-GDP gap (which has been accepted as the main Indicator) for India using the available data and conclude that the buffer guide has historically worked as a reliable EWI in the Indian context. The authors have also concluded that while CCCB is an instrument to protect banks from the bust phase of the financial cycle, it is not an instrument to manage the financial cycle, even if it may potentially have a smoothing impact. An important implication of implementing CCCB using the credit-to-GDP gap as the main indicator for banks and EMEs is that it may hinder beneficial financial deepening, if it is used to actively manage the financial cycle. The authors recommend including the attribution of the Credit-to-GDP GAP w.r.t., the changes attributable to GDP growth, as well as attributable to changes in credit growth in the decision making process to activate CCCB.

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The Experience of Legal Regulation of Reclamation of the Developed Space by the Leading Countries of Coal Mining

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017402012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Irina Verchagina ◽

Irina Kolechkina ◽

Elena Shustova

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

The United States ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

The Us

The article presents the results of a study of the regulatory framework and the experience of regulating the issues of reclamation of the developed space of the leading coal mining countries - the United States and China. The laws of China on mineral resources and environmental protection, the US practice of creating a system for restoring disturbed space as a result of mining, are examined

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Dietary supplement use and the US regulatory framework

Reactions Weekly ◽

10.2165/00128415-200410180-00007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol &NA; (1018) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

&NA;

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Supplement Use ◽

The Us ◽

Dietary Supplement Use

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The Russian Cohen doctrine: problems in calculating costs and deductions in the absence of proper documentation

Actual Problems of Russian Law ◽

10.17803/1994-1471.2019.101.4.048-054 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

Zh. G. Popkova

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Income Taxes ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Corporate Income Tax ◽

Tax Law ◽

Court Case ◽

The Us ◽

Judicial Doctrine ◽

Approximate Amount

The article provides information about a foreign judicial doctrine (the Cohen Rule) that originated in the court case of 1930 with the participation of George Cohen, Broadway Theater manager and producer. The doctrine under consideration that is still valid in the US tax law does not exclude the application of the approximate amount of taxpayer’s expenses when calculating income taxes in the absence of documents verifying expenses. It is concluded that the domestic regulatory framework applies a similar approach that envisages a fixed deduction for individual entrepreneurs under Article 221 of the Tax Code. It is proposed to introduce a similar regulatory framework for corporate income tax.

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Islets Transplantation at a Crossroads - Need for Urgent Regulatory Update in the United States: Perspective Presented During the Scientific Sessions 2021 at the American Diabetes Association Congress

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.789526 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Piotr Witkowski ◽

Louis H. Philipson ◽

John B. Buse ◽

R. Paul Robertson ◽

Rodolfo Alejandro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Islet Transplantation ◽

Organ Procurement ◽

The United States ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Human Organs ◽

Cell Tissue ◽

License Application ◽

The Us ◽

Drug Manufacturing

Clinical islet allotransplantation has been successfully regulated as tissue/organ for transplantation in number of countries and is recognized as a safe and efficacious therapy for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in the United States, the FDA considers pancreatic islets as a biologic drug, and islet transplantation has not yet shifted from the experimental to the clinical arena for last 20 years. In order to transplant islets, the FDA requires a valid Biological License Application (BLA) in place. The BLA process is costly and lengthy. However, despite the application of drug manufacturing technology and regulations, the final islet product sterility and potency cannot be confirmed, even when islets meet all the predetermined release criteria. Therefore, further regulation of islets as drugs is obsolete and will continue to hinder clinical application of islet transplantation in the US. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network together with the United Network for Organ Sharing have developed separately from the FDA and BLA regulatory framework for human organs under the Human Resources & Services Administration to assure safety and efficacy of transplantation. Based on similar biologic characteristics of islets and human organs, we propose inclusion of islets into the existing regulatory framework for organs for transplantation, along with continued FDA oversight for islet processing, as it is for other cell/tissue products exempt from BLA. This approach would reassure islet quality, efficacy and access for Americans with diabetes to this effective procedure.

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Motivation and Framework

Formalization of Banking Supervision ◽

10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Eiji Hotori ◽

Mikael Wendschlag ◽

Thibaud Giddey

Keyword(s):

Financial Regulation ◽

Bank Regulation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Banking Supervision ◽

Supervisory Authority ◽

The Us ◽

Growing Body ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Uk

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept and a definition of the “formalization” of banking supervision that is examined in this book and outlines the aim and scope of the book. In addition to providing the reader with an overview of the history of banking supervision in eight developed countries (the US, Japan, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, France, and the UK), the book presents information regarding the formalization process itself. That process is assessed based on three criteria—bank regulation, supervisory authority, and supervisory activity. This approach is intended to provide more detail than a simple assessment based on banking acts that is common in financial regulation research. The aim of the analysis undertaken in this book is to identify why the history of banking supervision in various countries shares many similarities and yet also displays many differences. In Sect. 1.5, we provide an overview of the historiography of the formalization of banking supervision with a special emphasis on comparative and internationally oriented literature, while the growing body of literature on each of the national cases is discussed in subsequent chapters.

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Deceptive advertising and its connection to unregulated gambling in the gaming industry

Interactive Entertainment Law Review ◽

10.4337/ielr.2021.02.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 112-121

Author(s):

Zoi Potolia

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Gaming Industry ◽

On Demand ◽

Inherent Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Deceptive Advertising

Streaming and on-demand entertainment content on new media platforms exposes viewers to gambling as influencers leverage audience’s trust within an insufficiently regulated industry. This article covers instances of influencers directing undisclosed endorsements for gamer gambling services to their audience, highlighting the presence of both inherent risk and of the need to regulate. On regulation, this article provides an evaluation of the regulatory framework already in place and whether consumers are sufficiently protected against deceptive advertising. It establishes a connection between undisclosed endorsements and unregulated gambling, in some cases involving minors. Lastly, it provides a thorough analysis on the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework as enforced by the FTC in the US and European influencer marketing legislation. This includes a discussion on the limitations of competent authorities to regulate in time juxtaposed by the strong interests of stakeholders within the gaming industry.

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